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This book is very likely old news to Forum members but I read Oliver Sacks'
Hallucinations recently. This was rather shattering to me because, although the late neurologist was never strident about it, his findings made me think that virtually all witnessed sightings - be they ghosts, religious visions etc etc - are either due to specific areas of the brain becoming activated or merely mistakes or else hallucinated due to eyesight difficulties or damage/injury to the brain or mental deterioration or whatever. I found this really depressing, not least because he wasn't making a big and militant point like: "All unusual phenomena are illusions, dammit!" but instead the matter was addressed in a quiet and understated way that nevertheless resisted argument (bar basically emotional 'special pleading').
Is he right though? Relatedly, I know from experience, as I'm sure many of us do, that seeing 'ghosts' so often suggestively occurs either a) when I'm tired, or b) when I've recently emerged from sleep, or c) when it's late at night or (very) early in the morning or d) whenever I'm experiencing stress or illness or injury. Oliver quoted a number of sightings in which 'ghosts' were seen by witnesses at the foot of their beds - as unsettling as this was and as solid as these 'spectres' seemed, the likely and logical explanation for such startling incidents is for Forteans rather disappointing. Although of course it's still fascinating even if such sightings and hallucinations generally have nothing supernatural about them.