The Trautonium
Another interesting instrument from the 1930s, the trautonium, apparently best known for its use on the soundtrack of Alfred Hitchcock's The Birds:
The Trautonium (1930)
The Trautonium was developed by the electrical engineer Dr Freidrich Adolf Trautwein (b Würzburg 1888, Germany; d Düsseldorf 1956) and first exhibited in Germany in 1930. The domestic version of the Trautonium was manufactured and marketed by Telefunken between 1932 and 1935. A number of composers wrote works for the instrument including Paul Hindemith who learnt to play the Trautonium and produced a 'Concertina for Trautonium and Orchestra' as well as Höffer, Genzmer, Julius Weismann and most notably Oskar Sala who became a virtuoso on the machine and eventually took over the development of the Trautonium producing his own variations- the 'Mixtur-Trautonium', The 'Concert-Trautonium' and the 'Radio - Trautonium'. Oskar Sala has continued to work with the Trautonium to the present day. Trautwein also produced an 'Amplified Harpsichord'(1936) and 'Electronic Bells'(1947), after the second world war Trautwein worked in Paris on aviation research and then set up a school for recording engineers in Düsseldorf (1950), Trautwein produced his last instrument the 'Elektronische Monochord' in 1952.
A very early model of the Trautonium with pedal board and loudspeaker c1930 The Original Trautonium had a fingerboard consisting of a resistance wire stretched over a metal rail marked with a chromatic scale and coupled to a neon tube oscillator. The performer on pressing the wire touches the rail and completes the circuit and the oscillator is amplified via a loudspeaker. The position of the finger on the wire determines the resistance controlling the frequency and therefore controls the pitch of the oscillator. The Trautonium had a three octave range that could be transposed by means of a switch. An additional series of circuits can be added to control the timbre of the note by amplifying the harmonics of the fundamental note, non harmonic partials can also be added by selective filtering. This unique form of subtractive synthesis produced a tone that was distinctive and unusual when compared to the usual heterodyning valve instruments of the 1920-30's. The foot pedal of the machine controlled the overall volume.
From
Obsolete.com.
An enthusiast of this instrument runs
trautonium.com which has pictures of his trautonium 2000, built to more or less original specifications using modern technology.
Another modern version of the instrument appears
here, though strictly speaking this is a more complex mixturtrautonium, and also at
analog-synth.de, with some info on construction and schematics.
German synth manufacturer Doepfer seem to be the only people offering the trautonium in kit form, as an adaptation of their modular systems, with lots of technical information and pictures
here