the main problem with talking about human population controls is it seems to be in isolation about humans. breathing polluted air from too many people doing too much stuff is bad
for humans, polluting the drinking water is bad
for us, using technology/robots/AI is about serving
humans.
well ok, of course, but all this affects all other life on this planet too. and we've been doing this since we existed, but since the industrial age its at a global, and often irreparable rate.
technologically i'm sure we could already find a way to increase food production, have clean water for all, medical and social care for all, and spread out the global population around the world. and maybe fit another couple of billion in too.
but we don't want to. its uneconomic. and its the £££ and $$$ that count. someone somewhere has to be making money from it. (or political power).
and most people do see that we, as the dominant species of earth have some kind of responsibilty to other life on earth, but, but, but, now we have this and that, and we don't want to give it up.
obviously we can't 'cull' existing people! and morally how can we say 'this person can have medical care that keeps them alive for many more years, but that person can't'? we, do say that but its based on economic costs. if thats not an issue, then we treat them. and once the treatments and medicines exist then we can't uninvent them.
so obviously birth control needs to be the major decider in population control. and globally there have been great strides in this in the last few decades around the world.
https://www.positive.news/society/5-possible-solutions-overpopulation/