I've just learnt of the existence of this charming artefact:
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Juryeonggu (주령구) is a 14-sided Korean drinking game dice from the Unified Silla period, about 668 to 935 AD. The
hanja, or Chinese characters with Korean pronunciation, for the name ju-ryeong-gu are 酒令具, meaning “liquor”, “command”, and “tool”. A die made of oak was found in a pond in Gyeongju, South Korea in 1975, but was accidentally destroyed while drying in a dehydrator. However, since there were photos taken of the die before it was lost, replicas could be made. Below are the Korean pronunciation,
hanja characters and rule translations from the original die:
- Sam-jan-il-geo (三盞一去) : Drinking three glasses of liquor at one time
- Jung-in-ta-bi (衆人打鼻) : Having one’s nose struck by many companions
- Ja-chang-ja-eum (自唱自飮) : Singing and drinking all on one’s own
- Eum-jin-dae-so (飮盡大笑) : Finishing an entire cup and laughing loudly
- Geum-seong-jak-mu (禁聲作舞) : Dancing alone, with no music
- Yu-beom-gong-gwa (有犯空過) : Staying still without flinching, even when being charged at
- Nong-myeon-gong-gwa (弄面孔過) : Staying still without flinching, even when one’s face is tickled
- Gok-bi-jeuk-jin (曲臂則盡) : Finishing an entire cup while interlocking arms with a companion
- Chu-mul-mak-bang (醜物莫放) : Drinking from a cup without removing something dirty from it (presumably placed there by a companion)
- Weol-gyeong-il-gok (月鏡一曲) : Singing the song “Weolgyeong”
- Gong-yeong-si-gwa(空詠詩過) : Reciting a poem
- Im-eui-cheong-ga (任意請歌) : Asking a companion to sing a song of one’s choice
- Ja-chang-Goe-rae-man (自唱怪來晩) : Singing the song “Goeraeman”
- Yang-jan-jeuk-bang (兩盞則放) : When you receive two cups, drain them immediately.
Players presumably would take turns rolling the die and follow the command. The discovery of the die sheds light on the types of games people played to pass the time during Silla.
The die has Chinese characters on it because
hangul, the Korean alphabet, wasn’t invented until the 15th century. Up until then, Koreans were using Chinese characters for their writing but had their own way of pronouncing them.
Source:
http://www.dellacivetta.org/goldandjade/2020/07/05/juryeonggu-14-sided-dice/