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Leaning Towers & Buildings

rynner2

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Churches challenge Leaning Tower of Pisa
By Bojan Pancevski in Vienna, Colin Freeman and Malcolm Moore in Rome, Sunday Telegraph
Last Updated: 11:56pm BST 21/07/2007

It is a row where every side has its own particular slant on the matter. After nine centuries of undisputed fame as the world's most lopsided building, the Leaning Tower of Pisa is facing challenges to its title from two crooked church towers.

The former East German town of Bad Frankenhausen says that the bell tower of its 14th century protestant church of Our Dear Ladies leans even more than its better-known rival in Pisa.

The 184-feet stone edifice has been succumbing to gravity's pull for centuries because of its foundations in porous chalk, to the point where it is now 4.5 degrees off centre, a figure that town officials claim easily beats Pisa's 3.97 degrees.

Guinness World Records - or its German edition, anyway - has backed their case, and all that now stands in their way is the as-yet-unverified bid of another church tower in nearby Suurhusen, which claims to lean 5.07 degrees.

"Good for them, it doesn't matter to us," was the rather lofty response from Pisa Council last week, when asked by The Sunday Telegraph for a reaction to the German bids.

Although nobody imagines that Bad Frankenhausen or Suurhusen will ever draw as many tourists, Italians are thought to be somewhat miffed at the prospect of their place in the record books being nabbed by two provincial German upstarts - neither of which, they reckon, is a patch on Pisa in terms of architecture or history. After all, they point out, gravity might not be known about had the scientist Galileo not done various experiments by dropping cannon balls from the tower's upper echelons in the 15th century.

Nestling in the foothills of the Kyfhäuser mountains, the Bad Frankenhausen bell tower was built with granite stone 625 years ago and has an added baroque-style spire. According to local architects, who are now devising a strategy to save the tower from imminent collapse, it leans more than 14 ft eastwards, and with each passing year the lean increases by more than two inches.

Because of the danger of it tumbling, church services are only held on occasions such as Christmas or Easter. "It is still generally considered safe, but you cannot help worrying whether it is going land on your head," said Bärbl Köller, the head of the association to save the church. :shock:

Officials in nearby Suurhusen, meanwhile, say their 13-century tower not only leans more, but is also functional as a church year-round. "Our tower is the most leaning, but in our church we still have regular mass and even weddings," boasted pastor Frank Wessel.

Either way, German victory now seems certain in the view of Olaf Kuchenbecker, of the German edition of Guinness World Records. "The tower in Bad Frankenhausen is definitely more leaning than the one in Pisa, which is quite a revelation, as far as leaning towers go," he said.

"The bell tower of Suurhusen seems to be a sure candidate for a world record. But tests are still in progress and at this stage we can only accept the tower of Bad Frankenhausen as the world's most leaning tower."

But is it? Aware that there might some question mark over his impartiality, Mr Kuchenbecker claims to have checked his facts with the Guinness World Records' office in London. But a long shadow of doubt has been cast on the German case by Prof John Burland, a British structural engineer who oversaw a recent project to stabilise the Leaning Tower of Pisa's tilt.

"Pisa still leans more," he said. "It used to lean by about 5.5 degrees, and now that it has been stabilised, it is still leaning at more than five degrees."

He added: "Of course, the lean of building is hardly important. There is a wall in Wheathampstead, Hertfordshire, where I live, that leans much more than all of these buildings. The thing is that Pisa is a World Heritage site and absolutely beautiful."

Beautiful they may all be, but the row between them now looks like getting ugly.

"It is outrageous for the Italians or anyone else to try to deny scientific facts," fumed Miss Köller, who claims to have got the 3.97 degrees figure for Pisa's tower from the Italian city's officials themselves. 8)

She added: "Our bell tower is just as beautiful and historically significant as the one in Pisa."

http://tinyurl.com/yw3l9o

But Pisa is easier to spell! :D
 
The church at Wybunbury, a few miles from here (and a stone's throw from my birthplace) leans quite spectacularly.

It was in danger of falling until just a few years ago, when it was stabilised by a process of pumping concrete or something around the foundations.

This process was so successful that engineers from the Pisa operation came here to learn about it.

So we had a challenge to Pisa here in South Cheshire, but threw it away. Pah.
 
Well, I've not heard of that one before, Scarg, so thanks for giving us the 'heads up'.

It ought to be more famous than it is - I couldn't find much via Google at first, but this seemed to be the most appropriate website:
http://www.wybunburytower.org.uk/

- except that the section labelled History is empty!

Elswhere we find brief reports like this:

The church of St. Chad dates back to the 7th century. The famous leaning tower, built in 1470, has been straightened several times. It is 120 feet high and is all that remains of the church, which in its heyday could hold 1,600 people. However, the body of the church was demolished in 1976 due to subsidence.
http://www.cheshire.gov.uk/countryside/ ... y/home.htm

(As for the Fig Pie rolling, let's not go there!)

A good PDF file about the stabilisation is here:
http://www.unesco.org/archi2000/pdf/burland.pdf
(It doesn't copy'n'paste well, so I leave it to those interested to read the PDF for themselves)
 
The view from the top is fantastic, as Cheshire is flat and you can see for miles. :D
 
HelzAngel said:
This is the spire from The Church of Our Lady and All Saints at Chesterfield, Derbyshire:
http://www.derbyshireuk.net/chesterfield_church.html
Super cool!

The world is full of leaning towers. Bologna has two of them, though I’m not sure exactly how much they lean – they are as old as that in Pisa, but look a lot more medieval.

The way Bologna is thought to have looked 900 years ago is positively Fortean:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Bologna_Middleage.jpg

A 12th-Century Manhattan, you might think at first, but when you see the remaining towers up close and enter them, you realise there is absolutely nothing you can do with these buildings that has any practical value. A town full of follies?
 
I have a wonky lamp-post outside my house. Can I get tourist funding?
 
It's official:

Crooked German church leans more than Pisa
Last Updated: 7:08am GMT 06/11/2007

A crooked German church steeple has knocked the leaning tower of Pisa from the Guinness book of Records as the world’s most leaning building.

The tower in the village of Suurhusen in northern Germany applied in June for the title and this week had it confirmed that it had beaten the famous landmark in Pisa.

Guinness Book of Records officials confirmed it is leaning at a 5.19 degree angle compared to the 3.97 degree of the tower of Pisa.

The more famous Italian structure was recently straightened to avoid it collapsing in the next 30 years.

Olaf Kuchenbecker of the Guinness World Records office in Hamburg said: "It is a world record."

The church was built in middle of the 13th century but a 90 foot tower was added in 1450.

The tower was built on wooden foundations and the combination of the oak wood foundations and wet soil has caused the tower to slowly lean to one side over the years.

Several attempts to stop the tower from leaning any further have been made since 1982, and it was eventually stabilised in 1996.

http://tinyurl.com/39r4yt

(Good pics on page.)
 
bosskR said:
The way Bologna is thought to have looked 900 years ago is positively Fortean:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Bologna_Middleage.jpg

A 12th-Century Manhattan, you might think at first, but when you see the remaining towers up close and enter them, you realise there is absolutely nothing you can do with these buildings that has any practical value. A town full of follies?

That was my very first thought on viewing the image but before reading the full text of your posting - that it is remarkably prescient of modern New York City. But does everybody just stand erect in the buildings?
 
Mythopoeika said:
What about this one in Windsor?

http://www.crooked-house.com/
From ths page:
http://www.crooked-house.com/history/
The Secret Passage
There is a secret passage to Windsor Castle, now blocked, from its basement. This is reputed to have been used both for the illicit meeting between King Charles and his mistress, Nell Gywn and for taking provisions to the castle kitchens.
If I had a penny for all the secret tunnels I've heard about I'd have at least thruppence.
 
The leaning tower of Venice to be propped up
Engineers aim to prevent repeat of great campanile collapse

By Peter Popham in Rome
Saturday, 20 December 2008

The great Campanile of St Mark's Square, the highest and most famous structure in the piazza and for centuries the most famous symbol of Venice, is beginning to tilt.

Italian engineers will start work next month to stop the tower collapsing, as it did with little warning in 1902.

Sensors installed in the 98m tower prove that once again it is on the move and has shifted several millimetres in the past half century.

Engineers say that the corrosive effect of the salt water brought in by Venice's high tides is taking its toll on the wooden foundations that underpin the 13,000-ton red-brick tower.

Preparatory work inside the soaring medieval structure began in February 2007 but has been suspended for the past two months as the interested parties negotiated on the how to undertake the next, crucial stage, which involves bringing heavy and noisy machinery into the centre of St Mark's Square. Now agreement has been reached and the work is to start in January. It is expected to take two years.

The project is being co-ordinated by Consorzio Venezia Nuova, the state-appointed agency which is also responsible for the mobile barriers being constructed at the entrance of the lagoon to block high tides.

The Consorzio's press officer said that the campanile – which has a lift to take visitors to the top – will remain open throughout the works. However, the charm of the famous piazza, "the fairest and goodliest prospect that is (I thinke) in all the world" as an early English visitor called Thomas Coryate called it, will be seriously disrupted.

The heavy machinery makes its entrance in January when the firm of ThyssenKrupp from Terni in central Italy sets about strapping a 12-ton underground belt made of titanium around the building's foundations, 3.5m below ground. The idea is that this will counterbalance any tilting tendencies and keep the campanile upright more or less indefinitely.

The campanile was, as the Literary Companion to Venice reminds us, where Galileo first demonstrated his telescope to the Doge and where Goethe, on reaching the top, first saw the sea. But the disaster of July 1902 brought home to Venetians the fact that it needs to be closely watched.

An American architect who witnessed the 1902 event wrote: "Workmen had been repointing the campanile and had discovered a bad crack ... The crack had shown signs of opening further, and they feared small fragments falling on the crowded piazza; so the music (in the piazza) was quietly stopped in the hope that the crowd would naturally disperse. The effect was exactly the opposite."

He was near the Rialto bridge when the tower fell. "The golden Angel on the tower was shining far away. Suddenly I saw it sink directly downwards behind a line of roofs, and a dense grey dust rose in clouds ... all that remained was a mound of white dust, spreading to the walls of St Mark's."

The reconstruction effort took almost 10 years and the new tower was built to be identical to the original.

http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world ... 05006.html
 
Bong! Big Ben becoming leaning tower of London, say engineers#
London's tower of Big Ben is leaning so much that its tilt can now be seen with the naked eye, civil engineers have discovered.
By Jasper Copping
8:30AM BST 09 Oct 2011

Surveyors have found that the clock tower at the Palace of Westminster has developed a tilt, which is getting worse every year.
The top of the tower is now almost one-and-a-half feet off the perpendicular – so far off that experts say the tilt is visible to the naked eye.

If the movement was to continue uncorrected, the tower would one day topple. However, MPs can breathe easy: at its current speed it would take some 4,000 years to reach the angle of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, and even longer to hit tipping-point.

In the unlikely event that the tower falls, it will land on MPs' offices over the road in Portcullis House – which may at least offer some compensation to architectural purists unimpressed by the modern building. 8)

Civil engineers believe that the tower - known colloquially as Big Ben after the main bell it houses - is gradually "sinking" or settling into the land on which it is built. But the pattern is uneven, with the sinking occuring more quickly on the north side than the south.

The problem has been blamed on decades of building work that have gone on around the foot of the structure - 315ft (96m) tall, with 11 storeys and 393 stairs - since it was completed in 1858.
These have ranged from a sewer built in the 1860s to the District Line the following decade and an underground car park for MPs in the 1970s.

When the Jubilee Line was extended through Westminster in the late 1990s, special techniques were used to create a concrete barrier under the tower, in a bid to secure it.
Yet a new survey for London Underground and the Parliamentary Estates Department has found that the rate of movement has accellerated in recent years.

The report, completed in 2009 but only just published by the parliamentary authorities, discloses that between November 2002 and August 2003 - the period when MPs staged heated debates on the invasion of Iraq - a mystery "event" caused the tower to lurch, with the clock face moving up to an eighth of an inch (3.3mm) away from the vertical.

The engineers conclude that no single known factor can fully explain the "event". Since 2003, the monitoring instruments suggest the tilt has continued to increase by 0.04in (0.9mm) a year, compared to the long-term average rate of just 0.025in (0.65mm) a year.
The report states: "The overall trend of the data suggests an increased rate of movement which commenced around (August 2003)."

The tower is now leaning towards the north-west at an angle of 0.26 degrees, meaning the top of the tower is 1ft 5in (435mm) from vertical. The report says this is within safe limits. The Leaning Tower of Pisa, by contrast, leans by around four degrees.

Nevertheless, London's leaning clock tower is already causing cracks in the walls of other parts of the House of Commons. The report identifies areas affected, including corridors where ministers and shadow ministers have their offices. The report says this should be monitored more closely.

There is no mention of whether the damage has spread to the home of John Bercow, the Speaker, and his wife Sally, who live in a flat in the shadow of the tower. However, there have been cracks noted in the area overlooking Speaker's Green, which they have used as a garden.

John Burland, emeritus professor and senior research investigator from Imperial College London who has worked on the Big Ben tower – as well as the one in Pisa – said: "The tilt is now just about visible. You can see it if you stand on Parliament Square and look east, towards the river. I have heard tourists there taking photographs saying 'I don't think it is quite vertical' – and they are quite right.

"If it started greater acceleration, we would have to look at doing something but I don't think we need to do anything for a few years yet."

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstop ... neers.html
 
Mythopoeika said:
ChrisBoardman said:
The mail says it is 1.5 feet off at the top, the sun says 8 inches
Guess the Mail leans more to the right, ha ha. :D
The Telegraph says:
The tower is now leaning towards the north-west at an angle of 0.26 degrees, meaning the top of the tower is 1ft 5in (435mm) from vertical.
The way I read maps, that's a lean to the left! ;)
 
rynner2 said:
Bong! Big Ben becoming leaning tower of London, say engineers
London's tower of Big Ben is leaning so much that its tilt can now be seen with the naked eye, civil engineers have discovered.
By Jasper Copping
8:30AM BST 09 Oct 2011

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstop ... neers.html
Taxpayers face £1billion bill to stop Commons sinking into Thames mud... but should MPs sell it off and net the public purse a £500m profit?
By Glen Owen
Last updated at 10:01 PM on 21st January 2012

Taxpayers face a £1billion bill to shore up the Houses of Parliament against chronic subsidence, which is already causing Big Ben to lean alarmingly.
The problem is so severe that MPs are even being asked to consider the radical proposal of selling off the historic building and moving into newly built offices – a move that could net £500million for the Exchequer.
Although politicians are unlikely to agree to abandon a site that has been the seat of power for about 1,000 years, the fact that Commons Speaker John Bercow has floated the idea indicates the scale of the problem.

MPs will hold a crisis meeting tomorrow to consider the options.
The all-party House of Commons Commission, chaired by Mr Bercow, will be shown surveyors’ reports detailing the risk of sinking into the Thames mud, electrical problems, fire risks and multiple safety hazards.
Even the boilers, dating from before the Second World War, are said to be ‘ready to blow’.

Repairs to the building, which would have to start by the end of the decade, would take at least five years to complete, with large sections sealed off on a rolling basis and MPs and their staff moving into temporary offices.
Even the Commons Chamber would have to be abandoned for at least two years.
One insider said the mock-Gothic building was ‘an elegant disaster’ that is ‘sinking into the mud’. He said: ‘The accountants argue it is not logical to spend £1billion to repair an estate that is worth £1billion.
‘So the stark choice is to spend the money and look extravagant, or to abandon one of the most iconic buildings in the world and sell it to the Russians or Chinese.’

The worst problems are linked to subsidence caused by decades of Tube trains rattling past the foundations and work on the underground Commons car park.
These have caused Big Ben’s bell tower to tilt 18 in from the vertical – enough for tourists to start noticing. Cracks have also started to appear in the walls of the Palace.

Moving MPs would cause headaches. Options include using the Lords Chamber, as happened during the Second World War when a bomb destroyed the Commons chamber, or relocating to a secret emergency base that is ready for use in the event of a terrorist attack.

Treasury rules on the use of public money oblige MPs to consider even the most ‘radical options’, and selling Parliament would make sense in simple financial terms.
The site could be sold to a developer as a heritage site for £1billion, while a replacement could be built elsewhere for £500million – roughly the final cost of the over-budget Scottish Parliament in Holyrood, Edinburgh, at 2012 prices.
Mr Bercow’s advisers point to the Treasury’s Green Book on the use of public money, which says that all ‘radical options’ on property development should be considered including ‘changing locations or sites’.
The guidelines add: ‘These options may not become part of the formal appraisal, but can be helpful to test the parameters of feasible solutions.
Well-run brainstorming sessions can help generate such a range of ideas.’

The first palace to be built in Westminster was used as the primary London residence for the Monarch.
The Commons first assembled there in 1213 when non-baronial representatives of the people were summoned to give their consent to tax laws. The present building was erected between 1840 and 1870.

...

Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article ... z1kBUHlHgu
 
The worst problems are linked to subsidence caused by decades of Tube trains rattling past the foundations and work on the underground Commons car park.

Hmmm... the Tube trains rattle past the foundations of an awful lot of buildings, are they damaging them too ? Come to that, are they actually damaging the Tube structure at all ? How deep are the foundations and how far down is the Tube ? I'm not a civil engineer but this doesn't sound right.

Its easier to accept the underground car park as a cause of subsidence, and surely the cheapest option would be to vacate it, fill it with supports and move the car park to a new location. MPs would have to walk a bit to get to their cars but they could do with the exercise after sitting on their asses all day, and hundreds of millions would be saved. Even if it went over budget - almost inevitable these days - it wouldn't be anything like as expensive as a new parliament building going over budget.
Anyway, who would want to buy it if it's falling down ?
 
I guess it the whole lot could be knocked down when there's a full session in the House and then build a new parliament on top...? ;)
 
Bigfoot73 said:
Its easier to accept the underground car park as a cause of subsidence, and surely the cheapest option would be to vacate it, fill it with supports and move the car park to a new location. MPs would have to walk a bit to get to their cars but they could do with the exercise after sitting on their asses all day, and hundreds of millions would be saved.
I thought they say on green leather benches... ;)

(Using asses would probably upset the RSPCA.)
 
And now the Tower in Pisa is leaning less.

It's enough to give a monument an identity crisis.

The Leaning Tower of Pisa is known worldwide for its precarious tilt - but now experts have revealed it's going straight. The tower's Surveillance Group, which monitors restoration work, said the landmark is "stable and very slowly reducing its lean." The 57m (186ft) medieval monument has been straightened by 4cm (1.5in) over the past two decades, the team said.

"It's as if it's had two centuries taken off its age," Professor Salvatore Settis explained. Nunziante Squeglia, a professor of geotechnics at the University of Pisa who works with the surveillance team, added: "What counts the most is the stability of the bell tower, which is better than expected."

Back in 1990, the tourist favourite was closed to the public for the first time in 800 years amid fears it could be on the verge of toppling. At the time, it was tilting by 4.5m from the vertical.

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-46300789
 
Leaning San Francisco skyscraper is tilting 3 inches per year as engineers rush to implement fix
Tim Fitzsimons - 16h ago

The engineer trying to stabilize the Millennium Tower, a luxury residential skyscraper in San Francisco that is sinking into the ground and now leaning over two feet off of center, said the building is now tilting three inches per year.

Structural engineer Ronald O. Hamburger made the comments Thursday at a city hearing in which he pitched an updated fix for the building's foundation, NBC Bay Area reported.

The 58-story, 645-foot tall tower — opened to residents in 2009 — is now tilting 26 inches north and west at Fremont and Mission Streets in the heart of San Francisco’s financial district, the NBC News affiliate reported.

Residents were informed that the building is settling unevenly and more than anticipated in 2016. The tower sits beside the Salesforce Transit Center, a bus terminal and potential future rail terminus for California’s high speed rail network currently under construction.

But efforts to stabilize the sinking and leaning skyscraper seemed to worsen matters. Engineers halted construction on the fix in summer 2021 so they could “determine why increased foundation movement was occurring and how this could be mitigated.”

To relaunch the stabilization, Hamburger on Thursday proposed slashing the number of support piles beneath the tower from 52 to 18 to "minimize additional building settlement."
 
Structural engineer Ronald O. Hamburger made the comments Thursday at a city hearing in which he pitched an updated fix for the building's foundation, NBC Bay Area reported.
ronald.png
 
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