Stranded whales provide new clues on the threats to sea creatures’ survival
Ocean giants lying dead on North Sea coasts is a sad event, but it gives marine scientists a valuable chance to detect man-made dangers
Jamie Doward
Saturday 30 January 2016 19.57 GMT
A body washes up on a beach in eastern England. Then another. And another. Soon, people living in two coastal communities have five deaths on their hands.
Things take a further macabre twist when it emerges that more than a dozen bodies are littering the shores of Holland and Germany. What could possibly link the deaths? A CSI team, dispatched to hunt for clues, faces a race against time. Scavengers and saltwater will devour the carcasses and destroy potentially vital evidence.
No, it’s not a plot lifted from the latest series of
The Bridge. This is life at the gory end of zoological research. The CSI team are not crime scene investigators, but members of the
Cetacean Strandings Investigation Programme, a specialist team based at the Zoological Society of London in Regent’s Park, whose work was thrown into sharp relief last week when five sperm whales were found stranded on beaches in Hunstanton, Norfolk, and Skegness, Lincolnshire.
“We weren’t the ones who gave it the name; it’s entirely fortuitous that the initials are CSI,” said Rob Deaville, the programme’s project manager. “But there is a degree of truth in it. You’re trying to find what happened to bodies on a beach.”
Set up in response to a 1988 virus that killed thousands of European seals, the CSIP – cetacean is the collective noun for aquatic placental mammals – is celebrating its 25th year. It continues work begun by the Natural History Museum in 1913 in response to a mass stranding of 50 sperm whales in Cornwall.
Now, with more than a century’s worth of data to draw on, the programme has become a zoological treasure trove. In the quarter of a century it has been operating, the CSIP has recorded almost 13,000 strandings of porpoises, whales, turtles, seals and basking sharks, conducted 3,500 postmortems, and collected 80,000-plus samples.
Funded by the Department for the Environment and the Scottish and Welsh governments, the programme carries out between 100 and 150 post-mortems on the 600 or so strandings that occur each year around the UK shoreline. Selecting which creatures to examine depends on several factors.
“Thankfully, everyone now has camera phones,” Deaville said. “We try to ascertain what it is and ask whether it is in a fresh enough condition. Can we access it safely? Often they are stranded in inaccessible locations.”
In the latest strandings, Deaville and his team were able to examine four of the sperm whales. A fifth was too far out on mudflats which may have been littered with ordnance from a nearby military range. But this was not the only explosive risk to the team, Deaville explained. The whale carcasses, insulated by blubber, were storing a potentially dangerous buildup of gases.
“Sperm whales are like pressure cookers; they keep everything locked in. Two of the ones in Skegness were so distended we were concerned about the risk to us and the public.”
The programme’s chief remit is to establish causes of death, but Deaville said that, as distressing as it is to see the carcass of a whale or porpoise washed up on a beach, much good can come from it. “We use the opportunity to learn more about species which are incredibly hard to study in the wild. The sperm whale is a case in point. They spend a fraction of their life at the surface, most of it at depth. So although it’s a tragic event, it does give us a great chance to collect a range of material.”
This can yield important breakthroughs. An examination of porpoise carcasses found the presence of specialist chemicals used to make sofas flame-retardant. This led to a ban on the chemicals in 2004. Other work has suggested dolphins may be subject to decompression syndrome and that whales are affected by the use of military sonar, research that has led to paradigm shifts in how zoologists think about cetaceans.
etc...
http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/jan/30/stranded-whales-opportunities-to-help-marine-life