Fairy rings are the product of rainfall
November 28, 2004
What with the heavy rains of late, expect to find one of nature's truly marvelous spectacles, right in your own yard. These are fairy rings, circles of mushrooms that can appear overnight on our lawns or pastures. It was once believed that this circle of mushrooms marked the place where fairies danced at night, and so the name. Others believed that it was the location where the devil churned butter, leaving a ring of deadly mushrooms. And others said that it was caused by the scorching breath of dragons.
In truth, fairy rings actually mark the edges of an underground network of hyphae, the lateral branches of a growing mushroom. The majority of the plant lives underground, but with the right circumstances, such as heavy rains, the plant sends fruiting bodies above ground. The mushroom, as we know it, is only the reproductive part of the plant, the flowering head that will produce spores. The large network of filaments remains hidden below ground, living on decaying wood, rich humus, and similar dark, damp objects.
Normally, fairy rings occur in the same places year after year, growing larger with each flowering season. A fairy ring may be up to 40 feet across in 20 years. In Great Britain, some fairy rings have been estimated at 400 to 600 years old.
Most often, the mushrooms that form the fairy rings are "fairy-ring mushrooms," a small, pale brown, toxic species. But fairy rings can be made by numerous species, including shaggy manes, puffballs, mica caps, inky caps, sulphur mushrooms, morels, parasols, and many others.
Mushrooms are actually fungi, non-flowering plants that lack true leaves, stems, and roots. Nor do they possess chlorophyll, and so are unable to manufacture their own food. They reproduce by sending a flowering head that we know as a mushroom above ground, which develops billions of tiny spores. These dust-like spores can be spread by the wind, scattered by raindrops, attached to wildlife or humans, or numerous other ways. They actually are able to ride through the air for thousands of miles. Many will eventually land and germinate.
Are the mushrooms that form fairy rings poisonous? Most are, but others can be eaten. And some can be poisonous to one person but not to others. So, unless you know what species is which, it is safest to just admire them for what they are, one of nature's most fascinating plants.