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Herbal Remedies

'Unsafe' drug found in herbal tea
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-11589761

herbal medicine Herbal medicine side-effects should be reported

Herbal medicines marketed as weight loss aids have been found to include a drug withdrawn in Europe and US on safety grounds.

Analysis of Payouji tea and Pai You Guo Slim capsules by the UK medicines watchdog revealed they contained diet drug sibutramine.

It was taken off the market in January 2010 over fears it increased the risk of heart attack and stroke.

Anyone taking the drug was urged to stop and consult their doctor.

Sibutramine was first approved as an anti-obesity drug in 1997, but data from recent studies suggests a higher rate of heart attacks and strokes among people taking it.
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* Herbal therapists regulation call

While it was withdrawn in Europe in January, it was only withdrawn in the US earlier this month.

Various herbal products in the US have been recalled because they were found to contain the drug.

The Medicines and Healthcare Regulatory Authority, which oversees medicines in the UK, said that any product containing the drug was considered "harmful to human health".

They said that not only could it have side effects including high blood pressure, seizures, heart attacks or strokes, but could interfere with other prescription medicines.

Its head of herbal policy, Richard Woodfield, said: "People need to be aware that Payouji tea and Pai You Guo Slim Capsules are unlicensed herbal medicines and therefore have not met assured standards."

Anyone who experiences side-effects after taking a herbal medicine can report this to the MHRA using its Yellow Card Scheme.
 
MHRA Warns About Dangerous 'Herbal' Treatments For Erectile Dysfunction
01 Jul 2011

Unlicensed herbal remedies for erectile dysfunction, available over the internet, could present serious health risks according to recent test results received by the MHRA.

The MHRA received advice from the Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products in Belgium as well as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the USA on 'Africa Black Ant', 'Rock Hard Weekend', 'Pandora' and 'The Best'.

These unlicensed products were found to contain the Prescription Only Medicine (POM) sildenafil, which should only be used when prescribed by a doctor and could cause potentially life-threatening high blood pressure.

The products have been marketed over the internet as a 'herbal supplement'. However, consumption of sildenafil in unknown or uncontrolled quantities could be extremely dangerous and cause serious adverse reactions such as heart attacks and strokes.

MHRA Head of Herbal Policy Richard Woodfield said: "Historically, with unlicensed herbal medicines, people have needed to be aware that the standards could vary widely and sometimes be poor.

"However, an increasing range of herbal medicines made to assured standards are now available on the UK market thanks to the Traditional Herbal Registration (THR) scheme."

Registered and licensed herbal medicines can be identified by the THR logo or the product licence (PL) number on the label.

The scheme has been designed so that the public will no longer have to guess at the safety and quality of herbal medicines.

Mr Woodfield added: "In the UK, certain medicines are categorised as POM due to their potent nature, so they should only be used under the care and supervision of suitably qualified healthcare professionals. "The unlawful sale of products posing as 'herbal' but containing POMs is a serious threat to public health and could be dangerous. Anyone with information about the sale or supply of products such as these should notify us immediately."

Any side effects of herbal products can be reported to the MHRA via the Yellow Card Scheme.

Notes

1. 'Africa Black Ant' comes in red and black packaging and is promoted as a natural dietary supplement or herbal Viagra for erectile dysfunction.

2. 'Rock Hard Weekend' and 'Pandora' capsules come in blister packs and bottles and are marketed as sexual enhancers for men and women.

3. 'The Best' is a male sexual enhancer and comes in yellow and red packaging with single blister capsules. It is promoted as a herbal Viagra for erectile dysfunction.

4. Members of the public are advised that they should only take Prescription Only Medicines after an appropriate consultation with their GP. Only healthcare professionals can take into account risks and benefits associated with every medicine.

5. The Traditional Herbal Registration (THR) certification mark is a type of trade mark. It indicates that the herbal medicine has been registered with the MHRA under the THR scheme and meets the required standards relating to its quality, safety, evidence of traditional use and other criteria as set out under the Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products Directive (THMPD) 2004/24/EC (external link). Under this scheme, the permitted indications for the medicine are based on traditional usage and not on evidence of effectiveness of the product.

Source:
MHRA
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Article URL: http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/230191.php
 
Potential New Drugs From A Cup Of Tea - The Witch Doctors' Gift
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/235282.php

02 Oct 2011

A physician on a medical relief mission to Africa sees pregnant women sip a medicinal tea prepared by local witch doctors when the time for birth arrives. Made from the leaves of a plant called "kalata-kalata," the tea speeds labor and delivery. Scientists analyze the plant and discover a remarkable new substance. The research puts them on course for discovery of potential new drugs for diseases that affect millions of people worldwide.

That truth-is-stranger-than-fiction scenario is the topic of the latest episode in the 2011 edition of a popular video series from the American Chemical Society (ACS), the world's largest scientific society. Titled Prized Science: How the Science Behind ACS Awards Impacts Your Life, the videos are available without charge at the Prized Science website* and on DVD.

ACS encourages educators, schools, museums, science centers, news organizations and others to embed links to Prized Science on their websites. The videos discuss scientific research in non-technical language for general audiences. New episodes in the series, which focuses on ACS' 2011 award recipients, will be issued periodically in the months ahead.

"Science awards shine light on individuals who have made impressive achievements in research," noted ACS President Nancy B. Jackson, Ph.D. "Often, the focus is on the recipients, with the public not fully grasping how the award-winning research improves the everyday lives of people around the world. The Prized Science videos strive to give people with no special scientific knowledge the chance to discover the chemistry behind the American Chemical Society's national awards and see how it improves and transforms our daily lives."

"New Drugs - From a Cup of Tea" features the research of David Craik, Ph.D., winner of the 2011 ACS Ralph F. Hirschmann Award in Peptide Chemistry. Peptides are chains of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Craik is a professor at the University of Queensland in Australia, and the video describes his research, which promises to turn kalata-like proteins, called cyclotides, into new drugs for treating health problems, such as antibiotic-resistant bacteria and even AIDS, which affect millions of people worldwide. Proteins already number among the world's most important medicines. Insulin, for instance, is a protein. Many other proteins could become life-saving medicines. But there's a problem with proteins and smaller chunks of proteins called peptides. They cannot be taken by mouth because the body breaks them apart during digestion, just like the protein in meat or soy. The video explains how cyclotides have a strong internal architecture that keeps them active when taken by mouth.

Prized Science's 2011 launch episode is a video featuring the research of Nobel Laureate Ahmed Zewail, Ph.D., winner of the ACS 2011 Priestley Medal, the society's highest honor. Zewail is the Linus Pauling Chair professor of chemistry and professor of physics at the California Institute of Technology and recipient of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The video, Designing the World's Fastest Camera, highlights Zewail's work on imaging chemical and biological events that happen very quickly - in a femtosecond, which is a millionth of a billionth of a second. His latest work involves revolutionary new technology that enables scientists to visualize objects, not in three dimensions, but in four dimensions. In doing so, it promises to have sweeping applications in medicine, electronics and biological research.

The ACS administers more than 60 national awards to honor accomplishments in chemistry and service to chemistry. The nomination process involves submission of forms, with winners selected by a committee consisting of ACS members who typically are technical experts in the nominee's specific field of research.
 
Ancient Remedy Slows Prostate Tumor Cell Proliferation

08 May 2012

An over-the-counter natural remedy derived from honeybee hives arrests the growth of prostate cancer cells and tumors in mice, according to a new paper from researchers at the University of Chicago Medicine.

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester, or CAPE, is a compound isolated from honeybee hive propolis, the resin used by bees to patch up holes in hives. Propolis has been used for centuries as a natural remedy for conditions ranging from sore throats and allergies to burns and cancer. But the compound has not gained acceptance in the clinic due to scientific questions about its effect on cells.

In a paper published in Cancer Prevention Research, researchers combined traditional cancer research methods with cutting-edge proteomics to find that CAPE arrests early-stage prostate cancer by shutting down the tumor cells' system for detecting sources of nutrition.

"If you feed CAPE to mice daily, their tumors will stop growing. After several weeks, if you stop the treatment, the tumors will begin to grow again at their original pace," said Richard B. Jones, PhD, assistant professor in the Ben May Department for Cancer Research and Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology and senior author of the study. "So it doesn't kill the cancer, but it basically will indefinitely stop prostate cancer proliferation."

Natural remedies isolated from plant and animal products are often marketed as cure-alls for a variety of maladies, usually based on vague antioxidant and anti-inflammatory claims. While substances such as ginseng or green tea have been occasionally tested in laboratories for their medicinal properties, scientific evidence is commonly lacking on the full biological effects of these over-the-counter compounds.

"It's only recently that people have examined the mechanism by which some of these herbal remedies work," Jones said. "Our knowledge about what these things are actually doing is a bit of a disconnected hodge-podge of tests and labs and conditions. In the end, you're left with a broad, disconnected story about what exactly these things are doing and whether or not they would be useful for treating disease."

To study the purported anti-cancer properties of CAPE, first author Chih-Pin Chuu (now at the National Health Research Institutes in Taiwan) tested the compound on a series of cancer cell lines. Even at the low concentrations expected after oral administration, CAPE successfully slowed the proliferation of cultured cells isolated from human prostate tumors.

CAPE was also effective at slowing the growth of human prostate tumors grafted into mice. Six weeks of treatment with the compound decreased tumor volume growth rate by half, but when CAPE treatment was stopped, tumor growth resumed its prior rate. The results suggested that CAPE stopped cell division rather than killing cancerous cells.

To determine the cellular changes that mediated this effect, the researchers then used an innovative proteomics technique invented by Jones and colleagues called the "micro-western array." Western blots are a common laboratory tool used to measure the changes in protein levels and activity under different conditions. But whereas only one or a few proteins at a time can be monitored with Western blots, micro-western arrays allow researchers to survey hundreds of proteins at once from many samples.

Chuu, Jones and their colleagues ran micro-western arrays to assess the impact of CAPE treatment on the proteins of cellular pathways involved in cell growth - experiments that would have been prohibitively expensive without the new technique.

"What this allowed us to do is screen about a hundred different proteins across a broad spectrum of signaling pathways that are associated with all sorts of different outcomes. You can pick up all the pathways that are affected and get a global landscape view, and that's never been possible before," Jones said. "It would have taken hundreds of Westerns, hundreds of technicians, and a very large amount of money for antibodies."

The micro-western array results allowed researchers to quickly build a new model of CAPE's cellular effects, significantly expanding on previous work that studied the compound's mechanisms. Treatment with CAPE at the concentrations that arrested cancer cell growth suppressed the activity of proteins in the p70S6 kinase and Akt pathways, which are important sensors of sufficient nutrition that can trigger cell proliferation.

"It appears that CAPE basically stops the ability of prostate cancer cells to sense that there's nutrition available," Jones said. "They stop all of the molecular signatures that would suggest that nutrition exists, and the cells no longer have that proliferative response to nutrition."

The ability of CAPE to freeze cancer cell proliferation could make it a promising co-treatment alongside chemotherapies intended to kill tumor cells. Jones cautioned that clinical trials would be necessary before CAPE could be proven effective and safe for this purpose in humans. But the CAPE experiments offer a precedent to unlock the biological mechanisms of other natural remedies as well, perhaps allowing these compounds to cross over to the clinic.

"A typical problem in bringing some of these herbal remedies into the clinic is that nobody knows how they act, nobody knows the mechanism, and therefore researchers are typically very hesitant to add them to any pharmaceutical treatment strategy," Jones said. "Now we'll actually be able to systematically demonstrate the parts of cell physiology that are affected by these compounds."

References:
The paper, "Caffeic acid phenethyl ester suppresses the proliferation of human prostate cancer cells through inhibition of p70S6K and Akt signaling networks," will be published online May 4 by Cancer Prevention Research. In addition to Chuu and Jones, authors include Mark F. Ciaccio, John M. Kokontis, Ronald J. Hause, Jr., Richard A. Hiipakka and Shutsung Liao of the University of Chicago; and Hui-Ping Lin of the National Health Research Institutes in Taiwan.

Research was supported by grants from the Cancer Research Foundation, American Cancer Society, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health, and National Science Council.
University of Chicago Medical Center

Medical News Today. Retrieved from
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/245048.php.
 
Honey's good for EVERYTHING. Including toast.
 
Drug Used For Centuries Activates The Body's Own Protective Mechanisms In Blood Vessels
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/246632.php

17 Jun 2012

An ancient heart drug that's inspired the work of herbalists and poets for centuries may treat a condition that plagues millions of overstressed and overweight Americans today.

Since the 13th century, the herb Foxglove has been used to cleanse wounds and its dried leaves were brewed by Native Americans to treat leg swelling caused by heart problems.

In an article published online in Molecular Pharmacology, researchers at the University of Michigan Health System reveal that digoxin, the active ingredient in digitalis, or Foxglove, can enhance the body's own protective mechanism against high blood pressure and heart failure.

High blood pressure can be prevented by reducing salt intake, being active and keeping a healthy weight, but about 1 in 3 Americans has high blood pressure, also called hypertension, which can damage the body in many ways.

Most current treatments prevent excess hormone and stress signals that can lead to high blood pressure and heart failure.

But recent studies have found that the body has the ability to keep excess stimulation in check through production of a family of inhibitors called RGS proteins.

Researchers looked for ways to "re-purpose" old drugs to tap into this protective mechanism which is lost among some individuals with high blood pressure and heart failure.

"We tested several thousand known drugs and bioactive molecules for a potential role in enhancing RGS2 and/or RGS4 expression and function and have identified a novel mechanism for digoxin," says lead study author Benita Sjogren, Ph.D., a research fellow in the Department of Pharmacology at the University of Michigan.

Case histories collected by Dr. William Withering in 1775 determined that Foxglove contained the active ingredient, digoxin, now an important drug for treating patients with congestive heart failure.

This new action of digoxin was found by treating engineered human kidney cells with thousands of known drugs in a high-throughput screen at the U-M Center for Chemical Genomics. Digoxin was then shown to have similar actions in isolated mouse blood vessel cells.

"In addition to test tube studies, low dose digoxin, the active ingredient of digitalis, was able to increase RGS2 levels in the heart and kidney," says senior study author and pharmacologist Rick Neubig, M.D., Ph.D., professor of pharmacology, associate professor of internal medicine, and co-director of the Center for Chemical Genomics at the University of Michigan.

"This new action of digoxin could help explain the fact that low doses seem to improve the survival of heart failure patients. It also suggests new uses for low dose digoxin or other drugs that can activate this protective mechanism," he says.

Neubig's lab at the U-M focuses on the large family of RGS proteins and the role they play in the function of the brain, heart, immunity and cancer and how they can be exploited in therapeutics.

References:
Additional authors: Sergio Parra, M.D., Lauren J. Heath, B.S., Kevin B. Atkins, all of the U-M, and Zie-Jian Xie, Ph.D., of the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio.

“Cardiotonic steroids stabilize RGS2 protein levels,” Molecular Pharmacology, published online before print June 13, 2012, doi: 10.1124/mol.112.079293.
University of Michigan Health System

Medical News Today. Retrieved from
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/246632.php.
 
I think this fits here - so to speak!

Virginity cream sparks Indian sex debate

An Indian company has launched what it claims is the country's first vagina tightening cream, saying it will make women feel "like a virgin" again. The company says it is about empowering women, but critics say it is doing the opposite. The BBC's Rajini Vaidyanathan in Mumbai reports.

It is certainly a bold claim. As the music starts playing on the advertisement for the 18 Again cream, a sari-clad woman is singing and dancing.
It is an unusual take on Bollywood.
"I feel like a virgin," she croons, although the advert makes it clear she is not.
Her shocked in-laws look on, before her husband joins her for some salsa-style dancing.
"Feels like the very first time," she continues, as she is twirled around.

Cut away to her mother-in-law who begins by responding with a disgusted look on her face, but by the end of the advert even she has been won over, and is seen buying the product online. 8)

This video is designed to market a vaginal "rejuvenation and tightening" product, which was launched this month in India.
The makers of 18 Again, the Mumbai-based pharmaceutical company Ultratech, say it is the first of its kind in India (similar creams are already available in other parts of the world such as the USA), and fills a gap in the market.

Ultratech's owner, Rishi Bhatia, says the cream, which is selling for around $44 (£28 ), contains natural ingredients including gold dust, aloe vera, almond and pomegranate, and has been clinically tested.
"It's a unique and revolutionary product which also works towards building inner confidence in a woman and boosting her self esteem," says Mr Bhatia, adding that the goal of the product is to "empower women".

Mr Bhatia says the product is not claiming to restore a woman's virginity, but to restore the emotions of being a virgin.
"We are only saying, 'feel like a virgin' - it's a metaphor. It tries to bring back that feeling when a person is 18."

But the company's advertising strategy has attracted criticism from some doctors, women's groups and social media users, who say the product reinforces the widely held view in India that pre-marital sex is something to be frowned upon, a taboo which is even seen as sinful by some.

"This kind of cream is utter nonsense, and could give some women an inferiority complex," argues Annie Raja from the National Federation of Indian Women, which fights for women's rights in the country.
Ms Raja says that rather than empower women, the cream will do the opposite, by reaffirming a patriarchal view that is held by many here - the notion that men want all women to be virgins until their wedding night.
"Why should women remain a virgin until marriage? It is a woman's right to have sexual relations with a man, but society here still says they should not until they are brides."

"Being a virgin is still prized, and I don't think attitudes will change in this century," says Dr Mahinda Watsa, a gynaecologist who writes a popular sexual advice column in the Mumbai Mirror and Bangalore Mirror newspaper.
Dr Watsa has answered more than 30,000 questions from Indians wanting sexual advice, and says a common question from men is how to find out whether their wife is a virgin, or from women who are keen their husband doesn't know they are not.
"Men still hope they're marrying a virgin, but more girls in India, at least in the towns and cities, are having sex before.
"Women write to me - and say, what do I do? I've had sex with other people but how do I convince people that I'm a virgin?"

Dr Watsa says that in major cities and towns more people are sexually active before marriage - more women working and having independence has led to women having more confidence and interactions with men.

"There is definitely more casual sex and sex before marriage happening in India nowadays," says Dr Nisreen Nakhoda, a GP who advises on sexual health for the medical website MDhil.
Dr Nakhoda is sceptical about how a cream such as 18 Again can work.

"Tightening the vagina is done by the vaginal muscles so I don't know how a local cream can do the job," she says, but believes it has the potential to do well in India because even if practices are changing, attitudes are not catching up as fast, so some people would try anything to cover up any hint of their actions.
"It's all very under wraps and discreet, no-one really discusses their sex lives with their friends or boyfriends," says Dr Nakhoda.

She says she has even heard stories of companies which work at night, such as call centres, finding their toilets full of condoms which they cannot flush down, as some couples find it hard to find a place to be alone.

A survey by India Today magazine last year showed that fewer than 1 in 5 (19%) of respondents were open to the idea of pre-marital sex, or live-in relationships, with a quarter of people saying they did not object to sex before marriage, as long as it was not happening in their family.

etc...

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-19353039
 
I wonder how extra-virgin olive oil would work? ;)

(It's also good for loosening your earwax!)
 
rynner2 said:
I wonder how extra-virgin olive oil would work? ;)

(It's also good for loosening your earwax!)

So I hear!


;)
 
Seasonal good news.

Mistletoe Found To Be Effective At Treating Colon Cancer
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/253490.php

03 Dec 2012

New research reveals that mistletoe could act as possible therapy for those with colon cancer. Scientists from the University of Adelaide have found that the Christmas plant has properties that can be effective at killing the cancer cells and could potentially become a possible alternative to chemotherapy.

Colon cancer is the second leading cancer killer in the Western world, it si diagnosed in more than 130,000 people per year in the United States alone. The mistletoe extract used for colon cancer therapy is authorized in Europe, but more scientific testing is needed before it's used in the US - especially since a previous study indicated only weak evidence of mistletoe's benefits in treating the cancer.

Zahra Lotfollahi, a Health Sciences student at the University Adelaide, recorded the performance of three different types of mistletoe extract and chemotherapy against colon cancer. In addition to this, she looked at which would cause the least damage to healthy intestinal cells after treatment.

Her findings show that the most effective extract comes from a species of mistletoe called Fraxini. Not only was the extract the most potent against the cancer cells, but it was also much gentler than chemotherapy on healthy intestinal cells. The extract has a protein which targets and kills the cancer cells.

She said:

"This is an important result because we know that chemotherapy is effective at killing healthy cells as well as cancer cells. This can result in severe side effects for the patient, such as oral mucositis (ulcers in the mouth) and hair loss. Our laboratory studies have shown Fraxini mistletoe extract by itself to be highly effective at reducing the viability of colon cancer cells. At certain concentrations, Fraxini also increased the potency of chemotherapy against the cancer cells."



Mistletoe appears to have some colon cancer protective qualities

Lotfollahi added:

"Of the three extracts tested, and compared with chemotherapy, Fraxini was the only one that showed a reduced impact on healthy intestinal cells. This might mean that Fraxini is a potential candidate for increased toxicity against cancer, while also reducing potential side effects. However, more laboratory testing is needed to further validate this work,"


Lotfollahi's supervisor, Professor Gordon Howarth, a Cancer Council Senior Research Fellow, said:

"Mistletoe extract has been considered a viable alternative therapy overseas for many years, but it's important for us to understand the science behind it. Although mistletoe grown on the ash tree was the most effective of the three extracts tested, there is a possibility that mistletoe grown on other, as yet untested, trees or plants could be even more effective."


These findings could help drive further research of mistletoe extract's effectiveness in treating colon cancer, and lead to more clinical trials in the Western world.

Written by Joseph Nordqvist
Copyright: Medical News Today

References:
University of Adelaide press release
http://www.adelaide.edu.au/news/news58081.html
 
It's either the mistletoe works or the druid reaching up your rectum to cut it out . . . :shock:










I didn't do the kiss joke! :wow:
 
Prices will rise...

Overharvesting leaves ‘Himalayan Viagra’ fungus feeling short
Rising demand for yarsagumba threatens to cause ecological damage.
http://www.nature.com/news/overharvesti ... rt-1.12308
Jane Qiu
29 January 2013

Aphrodisiac qualities — whether real or delusory — make a caterpillar fungus pricier than gold, potentially driving it toward extinction.
UTTAM BABU SHRESTHA

Yarsagumba, the world’s most expensive medicinal fungus, is in serious decline in Nepal because of over-harvesting, researchers warn in a study due to appear in the journal Biological Conservation1.

Known as ‘Himalayan Viagra' because of its supposed libido-boosting powers, the fungus can fetch as much as US$100 per gramme on the Chinese market, making it pricier than gold.

The exotic species is often regarded as a symbol of wealth and power in China, and as the country’s economy has boomed, the fungus “has enjoyed unprecedented popularity”, says one of the study’s co-authors, Kamaljit Bawa, a conservation biologist at the University of Massachusetts in Boston. Based on estimates of the volume of trade2 and average retail prices, Uttam Babu Shrestha, the study's lead author, puts the global market at betwen $5 billion and $11 billion per year.

The high price and rising demand are driving a fungus gold rush in poverty-stricken rural communities in Himalayan countries, but the impact on biodiversity and ecosystems has received little attention until now, says Bawa.

Native to the meadows of the Himalayas and Tibetan plateau at 3,000–5,000 metres above sea level, yarsagumba (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) is prescribed in traditional Chinese and Tibetan medicine for a wide range of conditions including impotence, asthma and cancer.

The peculiar life cycle of the fungus has also earned it the names 'winter worm, summer grass' and 'caterpillar fungus'. In late summer, the fungus spores infect moth larvae that live in the soil. The fungus grows inside the caterpillar, mummifying it and steering it into a position a few centimetres below the soil surface, with the head pointing upwards. Just before winter sets in and the soil freezes, a small bud forms and pushes up out of the caterpillar's head. The following spring, a brownish fruiting body — a mushroom — emerges from the soil.

Gold rush
In an attempt to assess the effects of collecting the fungus in Nepal, the study’s authors interviewed more than 200 harvesters in Dolpa, western Nepal, a region that is home to 60,000 harvesters and contributes about 40% of the total fungus yield in the country.

They found that the annual trade fell by more than 50% from its 2009 peak to 2011, with most harvesters believing that it had become more difficult to find the fungus. “The villagers spend more time in the field but are getting fewer fungi,” Shrestha says.

The decline in the abundance of the fungus may have prompted harvesters to pick all of the fungi they could find, says Shrestha. The researchers found that about 94% of the fungi collected by the villagers had not yet reached reproductive maturity, which is when spores form and disperse into the soil. “This would probably reduce the yield in the following year,” he says.

“There is a similar trend in other Himalayan countries, such as China, India and Bhutan,” says Liu Xingzhong, a mycologist in the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Microbiology in Beijing. On the Tibetan plateau, for instance, the fungus harvest per unit area has dropped by 10–30% compared with three decades ago.

Harvest regulation
If the caterpillar fungus disappears, says Liu, it could lead to an uncontrolled proliferation of the larvae and moths, triggering a series of changes in the fragile mountain ecosystems.

And because hundreds of harvesters typically work in a limited area, they too could damage the ecosystem with their digging tools and by compacting the soil, says Shrestha. Bawa speculates that other factors may also be contributing to the decline of the fungus — in particular, rising temperatures and less snow in the eastern Himalayas as a result of climate change.

Bawa says that the study’s findings indicate a need for long-term monitoring and management plans for sustainable harvest of the fungus. The harvest season, for instance, should be shortened to allow enough fungi to mature and spread their spores. A rotational system for the harvest should also be implemented, so that the meadow has the chance to recover from human impact, he says.

Without such regulations, “we will soon see the end of the fungus boom”, says Shrestha. “It will have devastating consequences for the ecosystems and local economy.”

Nature doi:10.1038/nature.2013.12308

References

Shrestha, U. B. & Bawa, K. Biol. Conserv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.10.032 (2013).
Show context

Winkler, D., Asian Medicine 5, 291–316 (2009).
Article
Show context

Related stories and links

From nature.com

Screen uncovers hidden ingredients of Chinese medicine
12 April 2012

Biodiversity: Endangered and in demand
21 December 2011

Traditional medicine: A culture in the balance
11 July 2007

China plans to modernize traditional medicine
04 April 2007

From elsewhere

Kamaljit Bawa
 
Herbal Viagra actually contains the real thing
http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg2 ... thing.html
01 March 2013
Magazine issue 2906.

IF IT looks too good to be true, it probably is. Several "herbal remedies" for erectile dysfunction sold online actually contain the active ingredient from Viagra.

Michael Lamb at Arcadia University in Glenside, Pennsylvania, and colleagues purchased 10 popular "natural" uplifting remedies on the internet and tested them for the presence of sildenafil, the active ingredient in Viagra. They found the compound, or a similar synthetic drug, in seven of the 10 products – cause for concern because it can be dangerous for people with some medical conditions.

Lamb's work was presented last week at the American Academy of Forensic Sciences meeting in Washington DC.

This article appeared in print under the headline "Herbal Viagra gets a synthetic boost"
 
Scientists unravel cancers linked to herbal remedies containing Aristolochic Acid, a natural compound found in Aristolochia plants

14 Aug 2013

A team of scientists from the National Cancer Centre Singapore, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, and Taiwan's Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, LinKou, have made a breakthrough in understanding the cancer-promoting action of Aristolochic Acid (AA), a natural product of Aristolochia plants traditionally used in some Asian herbal remedies for weight loss and slimming. Using advanced DNA sequencing technologies, the team, led by Professors Teh Bin Tean, See-Tong Pang, Patrick Tan and Steve Rozen discovered that AA is the most potent carcinogen identified to date, causing more DNA mutations than cigarette smoke or ultraviolent light. The team also discovered that besides its previously known contribution to kidney failure and a form of kidney cancer, AA may also contribute to liver cancer. The team identified a "genetic fingerprint" of AA exposure that may pave the way to new approaches to detect AA presence in humans and the environment. The group is also affiliated with the Cancer Science Institute in Singapore, and the Genome Institute of Singapore.

AA is a natural compound found in Aristolochia plants commonly used in traditional herbal preparations for various health problems such as weight-loss, menstrual symptoms and rheumatism. It was officially banned in Europe and North America since 2001 and in Asia since 2003. However, its long-term impact is still being felt as patients with associated kidney failure and cancer are still being diagnosed, especially in Taiwan. In addition, certain AA-containing products are still permitted under supervision and products containing AA are still easily available worldwide, including over the internet.

The potent cancer-promoting activity of AA strongly warrants efforts to restrict the use of AA containing products, including health supplements. "We would like to call for greater public awareness on the adverse health effects of AA. It is therefore important to know the contents of herbal products before one consumes them." said Prof Pang. Reassuringly, in Singapore there is no cause for worry as under the Poisons Act since 1 January 2004, products and herbs sold and supplied in Singapore are not allowed to contain AA and the toxic constituents of Aristolochia herbs.

The Singapore-Taiwan study also reports that carcinogens can leave tell-tale "genetic fingerprints" of their exposure in the DNA of cancer cells, and provides a valuable demonstration of how such fingerprints can be used to identify other cancers not previously associated with that carcinogen. Dr Poon Song Ling, the lead author of the study, said: "AA's contributions to kidney failure and cancer have been documented, but AA's possible role in other cancer types was unknown. In this study, we found that the AA-related DNA fingerprint could be used to screen for the potential involvement of AA in other cancers, such as liver cancer." Such findings could lead to a new wave of DNA-based detection systems for monitoring carcinogen exposures in humans and the environment.

This breakthrough came after 1.5 years of intensive research and was recently published online in Science Translational Medicine, a publication that focuses on practical medical advances that result from all stages of translational medicine.

References:

The research was supported by grants from the Singapore National Medical Research Council, the Singapore Millennium Foundation, the Lee Foundation, the National Cancer Centre Research Fund, The Verdant Foundation, the Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, the Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, LinKou, the Taiwan National Science Council, and the Wellcome Trust.

Mutational Signature of Aristolochic Acid Exposure as Revealed by Whole-Exome Sequencing

Margaret L. Hoang, Chung-Hsin Chen, Viktoriya S. Sidorenko, Jian He, Kathleen G. Dickman, Byeong Hwa Yun, Masaaki Moriya, Noushin Niknafs, Christopher Douville, Rachel Karchin, Robert J. Turesky, Yeong-Shiau Pu, Bert Vogelstein, Nickolas Papadopoulos, Arthur P. Grollman, Kenneth W. Kinzler, and Thomas A. Rosenquist. Sci Transl Med 7 August 2013 5:197ra102. DOI:10.1126/scitranslmed.3006200

SingHealth

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/264726.php
 
Nearly 60 per cent of herbal products studied omitted ingredients, contained fillers

15 Oct 2013
Consumers of natural health products beware. The majority of herbal products on the market contain ingredients not listed on the label, with most companies substituting cheaper alternatives and using fillers, according to new research from the University of Guelph.

The study, published in the open access journal BMC Medicine, used DNA barcoding technology to test 44 herbal products sold by 12 companies.

Only two of the companies provided authentic products without substitutions, contaminants or fillers.

Overall, nearly 60 per cent of the herbal products contained plant species not listed on the label.

Researchers detected product substitution in 32 per cent of the samples.

More than 20 per cent of the products included fillers such as rice, soybeans and wheat not listed on the label.

"Contamination and substitution in herbal products present considerable health risks for consumers," said lead author Steven Newmaster, an integrative biology professor and botanical director of the Guelph-based Biodiversity Institute of Ontario (BIO), home of the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding.

"We found contamination in several products with plants that have known toxicity, side effects and/or negatively interact with other herbs, supplements and medications."

One product labelled as St. John's wort contained Senna alexandrina, a plant with laxative properties. It's not intended for prolonged use, as it can cause chronic diarrhea and liver damage and negatively interacts with immune cells in the colon.

Several herbal products contained Parthenium hysterophorus (feverfew), which can cause swelling and numbness in the mouth, oral ulcers, and nausea. It also reacts with medications metabolized by the liver.

One ginkgo product was contaminated with Juglans nigra (black walnut), which could endanger people with nut allergies.

Unlabelled fillers such as wheat, soybeans and rice are also a concern for people with allergies or who are seeking gluten-free products, Newmaster said.

"It's common practice in natural products to use fillers such as these, which are mixed with the active ingredients. But a consumer has a right to see all of the plant species used in producing a natural product on the list of ingredients."

Until now, verifying what's inside capsules or tablets has posed challenges, Newmaster said. His research team developed standard methods and tests using DNA barcoding to identify and authenticate ingredients in herbal products.

"There is a need to protect consumers from the economic and health risks associated with herbal product fraud. Currently there are no standards for authentication of herbal products."

Medicinal herbs now constitute the fastest-growing segment of the North American alternative medicine market, with more than 29,000 herbal substances sold, he said.

More than 1,000 companies worldwide make medicinal plant products worth more than $60 billion a year.

About 80 per cent of people in developed countries use natural health products, including vitamins, minerals and herbal remedies.

Canada has regulated natural health products since 2004. Regulators face a backlog of licence applications, and thousands of products on the market lack a full product licence. Globally, regulatory problems involving natural health products continue to affect consistency and safety, Newmaster said.

"The industry suffers from unethical activities by some of the manufacturers."

References:

This research was supported by Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute; the Canada Foundation for Innovation; International Science and Technology Partnership Canada; and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council.

The study also involved research associate Subramanyam Ragupathy, U of G student Meghan Gruric and Sathishkumar Ramalingam of the Bharathiar University in India.

University of Guelph

University of Guelph. "Nearly 60 per cent of herbal products studied omitted ingredients, contained fillers." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 15 Oct. 2013. Web.
18 Oct. 2013. <http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/267363.php>
 
For more about Manuka honey see:
Manuka Honey
https://forums.forteana.org/index.php?threads/manuka-honey.69915/



Why 'super honey' is the bees knees for wounds and infections
Surgihoney is cost-effective and speeds healing of hard-to-treat injuries. Can it become the ultimate wound-care product?

The healing powers of honey have been known about for thousands of years. But Surgihoney, whose natural antibacterial properties have been boosted, is proving highly effective at treating infected wounds and superbugs.

The honey is believed to work by killing the bugs, removing dead tissue and pus, and then providing a moisture barrier as well as local nutrition.

Honey contains vitamins, minerals, enzymes and sugars – all of which help in the healing of wounds. Manuka is generally regarded as the most potent honey, but it relies upon nectar from a particular tree in New Zealand, limiting its supply.

That's precisely the problem which has been solved by the developers of Surgihoney. They have created a product that can be made from organic honey from any floral source. They hope it will ultimately become a global wound-care product that will improve lives in poorer countries.

Lead researcher Dr Matthew Dryden, an NHS consultant microbiologist, is optimistic that the sterile, medical honey can revolutionise wound care around the world, reduce the use of antibiotics and provide an alternative to harsh chemical antiseptics.

Surgihoney speeds the healing of hard-to-treat leg and foot ulcers, pressure sores, trauma injuries and infected surgical wounds, according to the research. Potential benefits include less pain and fewer amputations.

Dryden says: "Surgihoney is active against all the bacteria we find in soft tissue wounds. The important extra is that it kills the bugs but doesn't damage the tissue. Honey is a fantastic natural medicine."

Surgihoney can even tackle wounds infected with strains of bacteria resistant to antibiotics, he says, including MRSA, E coli and pseudomonas. He describes honey as "turbo-boosted".

Surgihoney, stored in 10g sachets, is simply squeezed on to wounds and dressed with gauze. Pilot trials (pdf) have been conducted in Hampshire in the UK, Yei civil hospital in South Sudan, and Vailola hospital in Tonga.

Dryden was lead author in a study that concludes: "As a wound treatment in the tropics, [Surgihoney] is an ideal, low-technology solution which is easily stored, applied and ought to be cost-effective." And unlike more sophisticated medicines, it does not need to be refrigerated.

Before the pilot trials, Dryden's research team at Winchester's Royal Hampshire county hospital carried out laboratory experiments on bacteria gathered from infected wounds.

The results, explained in detail to the Federation of Infection Societies in November, suggest that Surgihoney is better at beating bugs than other honeys tested, including Manuka and a medical-grade honey called Medihoney, while equal to antiseptics, silver and iodine, which can be toxic to healing tissue.

A British nurse and wound care expert, Jill Brooks, has pioneered the use of Surgihoney in Sodo hospital in south-west Ethopia and Kisubu hospital in Uganda, where she volunteers several times a year.

"All the results I have seen have been positive; some have been very positive with rapid healing of wounds," says the former lead tissue viability nurse for the NHS in Oxfordshire.

The standard local treatment of washing wounds in a weak solution of bleach has a big disadvantage, she says. "It is very good at killing bugs but is a very harsh thing to use as it destroys the good tissue and can delay healing."
The success of the pilot tests paves the way for a bigger, randomised control trial.

Surgihoney is being developed by businessman Ian Staples, former managing director of Halfords, the motor accessories chain. He owned a farm in Chile with beehives that produced honey from the Ulmo tree. After a bad harvest, he and his son, Stuart, commissioned scientists to develop Surgihoney.

The honey has been approved for use in the UK as a wound-care dressing.

http://www.theguardian.com/global-devel ... ted-wounds
 
Last edited by a moderator:
St John's wort blights contraceptive
http://www.bbc.com/news/health-26626499

st johns wort

Women on hormonal contraceptives such as the pill are being warned that they could fall pregnant if they take the herbal remedy St John's wort.

In the last six months the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has received two reports of suspected interaction leading to unplanned pregnancies.

The risk applies to the combined and progesterone-only pill and contraceptive implants like Implanon.

It is unclear about the coil.

The MHRA says there is no data to judge.

Since 2000, the MHRA has logged 19 suspected interactions with hormonal contraceptives - 15 resulting in an unplanned pregnancy and four in irregular menstrual bleeds.

St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) is a herbal medicine traditionally used to relieve slightly low mood and mild anxiety.

It is made from a plant with a bare trunk and yellow flowers, which grows mainly in Europe, Asia and North America.
 
This looks promising. Full text at link.

Chinese herbal remedy 'just as effective as methotrexate against arthritis'

Rheumatoid arthritis - a condition that causes pain and swelling in the joints - affects around 1.5 million people in the US. Although there is no cure for the condition, medications, such as methotrexate, are used to reduce symptoms. But new research published in the BMJ suggests that a Chinese herbal remedy is just as effective as methotrexate.

To reach their findings, the research team, led by Dr. Xuan Zhang of the Peking Union Medical College Hospital at the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in China, assessed the effects of methotrexate (MTX) and a herbal remedy, called Triptergium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF), against rheumatoid arthritis in 207 patients with the condition.

MTX is a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) that is the most commonly used medication for rheumatoid arthritis. It is also used as a chemotherapy drug for the treatment of some cancers.

TwHF is an herbal remedy used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of swelling, inflammation and joint pain. The remedy comes from extracts of the Triptergium wilfordii plant, also known as the "thunder god vine."

All patients were randomized to one of three treatment groups for 24 weeks. The first group was required to take 12.5 mg of MTX once a week. The second group took 20 mg of TwHF three times a day, while the third group took a combination of both. The researchers note that around 98% of patients had never used DMARDs to treat their condition.

The team wanted to determine which of these three treatments was most effective in reducing symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis in line with the ACR (American College of Rheumatology) 50 response. This is a measure that determines when a patient reaches a 50% improvement in the number of tender and swollen joints they have, and a 50% improvement in other areas, such as pain, disability and disease severity.

Of the participants, 174 (84%) completed the full 24-week study period.

The researchers found that of the patients treated with MTX alone, almost 46.5% achieved the ACR 50 response, while 55% of those treated with TwHF reached ACR 50.

However, the biggest improvement was seen in patients treated with both MTX and TwHF, with almost 77% reaching the ACR 50 response.

The team points out that there was very little difference in the side effects experienced within each treatment group, although more women treated with TwHF experienced irregular periods.
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/275504.php
 
Tea, citrus products could lower ovarian cancer risk, new research finds

Date:October 28, 2014

Source:University of East Anglia

Summary:
Tea and citrus fruits and juices are associated with a lower risk of developing ovarian cancer, according to new research. The research reveals that women who consume foods containing flavonols and flavanones (both subclasses of dietary flavonoids) significantly decrease their risk of developing epithelial ovarian cancer, the fifth-leading cause of cancer death among women.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/20 ... 082502.htm
 
Study extols anti-prostate cancer effects of walnuts

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers among men in the US. The relationship between diet and prostate cancer has been well studied, and dietary fat intake is of particular interest in this area. Now, a new mouse study from researchers at the University of California-Davis suggests diets rich in walnuts or walnut oil could slow prostate cancer growth.
Walnuts

Researchers say components of the walnut, not its omega-3 content, are conferring anti-prostate cancer health benefits.
The study, which is published in the Journal of Medicinal Food, notes that previous studies have suggested intake of tree nuts is linked with reduced cardiovascular disease risk factors as well as cancer.

A 2013 study, for example, showed that consuming walnut oil boosts blood vessel functioning and eating whole walnuts helps "good" cholesterol transport and remove extra cholesterol from the body more effectively.

Researchers from this latest study, led by scientist and research nutritionist Paul Davis, note that they have been assessing the health impacts of walnuts for quite a while.

One of their previous studies showed that walnuts reduced prostate tumor size in mice, but there were questions about which parts of the nuts were responsible for this effect - was it the meat, the oil or the omega-3 fatty acids? If it was the omega-3s, then the benefits could be found in any food type containing them.

"For years, the US government has been on a crusade against fat, and I think it's been to our detriment," says Davis. "Walnuts are a perfect example. While they are high in fat, their fat does not drive prostate cancer growth. In fact, walnuts do just the opposite when fed to mice." ...

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/285472.php
 
Apple Cider Vinegar

I've personally had good luck removing warts (Planter's) and skin tags with apple cider vinegar. Soak the end of a Q-tip, and hold it on the offending growth for a few minutes. Try to only get it on said growth, as it can make surrounding skin white, wrinkeley and prone to peeling. Repeat twice a day for up to two weeks, depending on size of growth, and it should just shrink away. (worked for me, anyway!)

Also, I've been hearing some interesting claims about Tumeric being the newest super food, specifically around it's effects concerning joint health/arthritis/anti-inflammetory properties, so I am going to try it, (about 1 Tbsp a day, in whole, raw form), for a month in my breakfast smoothies. We will see what it does for my knees, (bad for a long time, and have had ortho-scopic debridement on both when I was 33) but more for what it may do for the first twinges of arthritis I'm just starting to get in the base of my right thumb. :(

We'll see what happens!
 
the first twinges of arthritis I'm just starting to get in the base of my right thumb. :(

My mother has arthritis in her hands and some years ago I seemed to be getting the same. One finger wouldn't straighten out and the last joint was painful. I thought oh no, here we go and imagined my hands seizing up like those of arthritis sufferers I know.

Then one morning while opening a can of food for the cats I accidentally nicked the skin on the painful joint. It bled quite a bit and I considered going to A&E but was too busy, so I wrapped it up and carried on and in fact went off to live abroad a couple of days later.

Didn't think much about the injury apart from changing the dressing. What with finding somewhere to live and shopping in a new language I had so much on that it was a month or so before realised that the finger was better than before. The arthritic symptoms had gone and 12 years or so on, they haven't come back.

So perhaps it wasn't arthritis, or perhaps it was and a nick from a cat food can cured it. I dunno! :D
 
[QUOTE="So perhaps it wasn't arthritis, or perhaps it was and a nick from a cat food can cured it. I dunno! :D[/QUOTE]

Lol! Well, as soon as I mentioned it to my Mom, she said it was a "Lewis" thing, (meaning it's an ongoing thing with that side of the family. Lucky me!)

But, if the Tumeric doesn't work on at least holding it off, I guess I'd rather try slashing myself with tin cans before getting dosed with some expensive drugs with horrible side-effects! ;)
 
Woman suffered seizures after New Year's ‘detox’
Doctors issue warning about the potential health risks of taking herbal remedies

Wed, Jan 4, 2017, 01:00

Doctors have warned about potential health risks of popular New Year’s “detox” programmes after people had severe reactions to them.

In one instance, reported by the journal BMJ Case Reports, a woman (47) developed a potentially life-threatening complication.

Her “detox” involved drinking lots of fluids and taking various herbal remedies. The previously healthy woman consumed substances including valerian root, over the New Year period, and was admitted to hospital following a brief period of confusion and repetitive behaviour, such as teeth grinding, which lasted for an hour. She later collapsed and had a seizure.

She had been drinking more water and tea because of an increase in thirst, while among the numerous herbal remedies she was taking were milk thistle, molkosan, l-theanine, glutamine, vitamin B compound, vervain, sage tea, green tea and valerian root.

Life-threatening hyponatraemia
She had been taking them all together following a period of increased stress and low mood.

Her doctors knew the confusion and seizures were due to hyponatraemia – an abnormally low level of sodium in the blood – but were not sure why. ...

http://www.irishtimes.com/news/heal...est&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=news_digest
 
Also, I've been hearing some interesting claims about Tumeric being the newest super food, specifically around it's effects concerning joint health/arthritis/anti-inflammetory properties, so I am going to try it, (about 1 Tbsp a day, in whole, raw form), for a month in my breakfast smoothies. We will see what it does for my knees, (bad for a long time, and have had ortho-scopic debridement on both when I was 33) but more for what it may do for the first twinges of arthritis I'm just starting to get in the base of my right thumb. :(

We'll see what happens!

My mother-in-law puts tumeric mixed with aloe vera on everything. You could cut your whole toe off and she'd tell you to put a little tumeric on it. :p But it really does seem to work for minor skin infections.

Also, tumeric mixed with water, cayenne pepper, honey and lemon juice eases cold and flu symptoms. It doesn't taste great, but it works. :)
 
My mum swears by Echinacea, which she takes to prevent colds. Then she gets colds anyway. I'm not sure what help it's supposed to provide.
 
My mum swears by Echinacea, which she takes to prevent colds. Then she gets colds anyway. I'm not sure what help it's supposed to provide.

I have a cold right now or something worse, I feel really weak. Tried 2 spoons of blackcurrant jam in hot water and it relieved the symptoms.
 
I have a cold right now or something worse, I feel really weak. Tried 2 spoons of blackcurrant jam in hot water and it relieved the symptoms.

I don't like to sound like an old wifey, but there is a lot of it about at the moment. With colds I have to keep them till they're better, paracetamol doesn't have any effect on me.
 
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