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Trees Are Good For You: They Foster Kids' Cognitive Growth & Mental Health

EnolaGaia

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A newly published research study from the UK suggests exposure to green spaces - most particularly to trees - correlates with better cognitive development and mental health up through adolescence. The results are interesting, but at this point must be considered suggestive rather than conclusive.
New Research Finds Time Spent Among Trees Might Help Kids' Brains Grow And Develop

A long-term study among 3,568 students in London, between the ages of 9 and 15, has found those kids who spent more time near woodlands showed improved cognitive performance and mental health in adolescence.

On the other hand, other natural environments, like grasslands or lakes and rivers, didn't appear to have the same impact.

"These findings contribute to our understanding of natural-environment types as an important protective factor for adolescents' cognitive development and mental health and suggest that not every natural-environment type may contribute equally to these health benefits," the authors write.

It's not the first time researchers have found a curious connection between the presence of trees and the human state of mind.

In the United States and Denmark, nationwide epidemiological studies of children have shown green spaces in residential areas are linked to a lower risk of mental health issues later in life.

In the United Kingdom, similar studies have found children living in greener city neighborhoods have better spatial working memory.

Why that remains is a mystery. Enriched environments are known to shape the human brain, but it's still unclear why green spaces – and especially trees – seem so impactful to young minds. ...

Yet, like several studies on this topic that have come before, this new one in London has its limitations. ...

A paper published in 2019 argues that while children who grow up surrounded by greenery do score better than their peers on cognitive tests, it doesn't necessarily mean trees are to thank. Socioeconomic factors can also play an influential role in child development, and we might be conflating the two. ...
FULL STORY: https://www.sciencealert.com/trees-...en-grow-and-develop-according-to-new-research
 
Here are the bibliographic details and abstract from the published research report.

Maes, M.J.A., Pirani, M., Booth, E.R. et al.
Benefit of woodland and other natural environments for adolescents’ cognition and mental health.
Nat Sustain (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00751-1

Abstract
Epidemiological studies have established positive associations of urban nature with cognitive development and mental health. However, why specifically these health benefits are received remains unclear, especially in adolescents. We used longitudinal data in a cohort of 3,568 adolescents aged 9 to 15 years at 31 schools across London, UK, to examine the associations between natural-environment types and adolescents’ cognitive development, mental health and overall well-being. We characterized natural-environment types in three tiers, where natural space was distinguished into green and blue space, and green space was further distinguished into woodland and grassland. We showed that, after adjusting for other confounding variables, higher daily exposure to woodland, but not grassland, was associated with higher scores for cognitive development and a lower risk of emotional and behavioural problems for adolescents. A similar but smaller effect was seen for green space, but not blue space, with higher scores for cognitive development. Our results suggest that urban planning decisions to optimize ecosystem benefits linked to cognitive development and mental health should carefully consider the type of natural environment included.

SOURCE: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-021-00751-1#citeas
 
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