Notes on Battery Chemistry
Actually, recently i've noticed that the vast majority of battery-powered items I have purchased recently, have come with extensive 'battery safety' literature, sometimes as much as a whole side of A5.
They can be dangerous things, depending on the chemistry.
The advent of equipment for use in the home with large current demands (eg GSM transmission in mobile phones) has meant that the more dangerous battery technologies (Lithium, Manganese Dioxide) have started to find there way into our homes.
Batteries that can deliver high currents have very low internal impedances. This means that, should a short-circuit occur, the current flow will be very high, and can cause a dramatic catasthrophic failure of the cell (e.g. rupture/explosion).
The other thing to bear in mind is that different battery chemistries have different discharge characteristics.
Alkaline cells ('normal' household batteries) begin to drop in voltage in a linear manner as soon as discharge begins, whereas Litihium and Nickel-Cadmium chemistries drop very little in voltage until the end of their life.
This means that if you happen to have a device which contains alkaline batteries in parallel, and you introduce a different chemistry battery, you may end up forcing the alkaline cell to charge.
Primary cells (non-rechargeable) do not like being recharged, as they have no means to re-combine gasous by-products created by charging. Secondary (rechargable) batteries contain clever chemicals to recombine gas into useful ionic compounds.
This is why alkalines can explode if forced to charge.
In some of our products at work, we use Manganese Dioxide batteries. These are deadly !, the briefest of short-circuits between terminals causes a thermal-runaway inside the battery, and they explode violently in a shower of toxic molten metal.
You can see from all this why the people who make battery powered devices are so worried about the H & S implications.
You can also see how stories of exploding mobile phones and lap-tops come about, manufacturing defects and faults within charging/regulation circuitry can have some very interesting results depending on what battey chemistry is being used.
You may be comforted to know that battery manufacturers are constantly working on new chemistries to make their products smaller and more powerfull.
I think this, combined with the continiung massive increase in the use of portable products, will lead to more and more 'my phone exploded' stories.
Cheers