The problem has a number of points of origin. The Jews were always a very insular and stand-off-ish religious culture that regarded everyone else in the world with a measure of hostility as being either Gentiles or Slaves. The blood libel about Jewish cannibalism can be traced to captured Seleucid hoplites allegedly held as prisoners in the Temple of Solomon annex during he Macabee Rebellion, who allegedly saw their comrades being sacrificed and eaten by the officiating priests. This seems pretty damn unlikely given the Levitivcal dietary rules, but rumors persisted for centuries about Jews sacrificing Gentile children on Passover and using their blood to flavor their matzohs. Notably Apollonius of Tyana said of the Jews "We must pity a people who cannot even eat beside their fellow man", in reference to the cautious dietary laws of the Jews. In fact the Levitical dietary prohibitions are very sensible advice if you live in a world without refrigeration. Post refrigeration... not so much, but it isn't as if I have never eaten shellfish on the turn and lived to regret it.
Then there is the issue that the Jews kept getting chucked off their Promised Land, and became the region's perennial refugees. Ultimately this turned the Jews into successful merchants, and they pioneered elements of money lending, tax collection, and tax avoidance via gold notes. The latter, a system that still operates successfully. The Jews also used their insular society to harbor a very effective criminal class. Then there is the issue of jealousy at Jewish success. The fact that Jewish merchants were able to form a bloc in most cities and force out non-Jewish merchants was heavily resented. Obviously being forced to become money lenders during the Middle Ages was calculated to aggravate the populace against the Jews and was a deliberate choice by the Papacy.
Also the success of Jewish scholars who were seen as locking up academic promotion was also bitterly resented by non-Jews and was historically seen as another bloc. The fact is that the Jews as a group look after each other and prefer to see Jews getting promoted, and so they push and publicise each other, and this gets them places. On the other hand, the Jews have produced a large number of excellent academics in virtually every discipline and have loads of well deserved Nobel prizes, and the world has benefited immensely from their academic contributions.
Then there is the separate issue of the Jews in Russia. The hatred of the Jews in Russia is due to the fact that they became the tax collecters for the Russian nobility, and hence became hated by the non-Jewish peasantry, and despised by the Russian nobility as their lickspittles. The Russian nobles were also quick to see the opportunity to deflect blame for their horrible crimes onto the Jews and were authors of many pogroms as a result. This in turn led to a general suspicion of the Jews that culminated in the writing of "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion" as a means of slandering the Jews for all time, and it still gets trotted out by anti-Semites now and again.
Then there is the whole issue of Israel... This earned the Jews a lot more hatred, and the enmity of the Arab world, however that seems to have been dying down for a while as the Arab world has its own problems in light of the Arab Spring and all the regime changes. Jew hating just doesn't have the same lustre when another Muslim sect is blowing you up.
Basically, the Jews are smart and hard working, but not above some dishonesty, while also being seen to be insular outsiders and not willing to acculturate themselves, but resented when they do as they take things over, as they are hard working and competent, and willing to put in time others won't in order to get promoted and build things up. It may not be the "absolute best recipe" for how to permanently piss people off, but it seems to have worked often enough to earn them a good deal of hatred, sometimes for good reason, but mainly from jealousy and misunderstanding. I would add that the hostility goes both ways, and there are plenty of Jews who really don't like or trust non-Jews, and historically that is also not without reason.