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Forgotten History

Niall Ferguson, in "War of the World", always refers to the region of 'Yiddishland' as 'The Pale'. It's always confused me a bit. Was it ever known as The Pale, or was Ferguson making stuff up?

He was referring to the 'Pale of Settlement' (often abbreviated in context to 'The Pale'), established by Catherine the Great in 1791 and specifically defined as delimiting the boundaries of Jewish settlement:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_of_Settlement

'The Pale' was also the label given the earlier British-controlled areas of Ireland (e.g., 'The Pale of Dublin') and France ('The Pale of Calais'):

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pale
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_of_Calais

The archaic English 'pale' (as in 'beyond the pale') comes from the Latin palus (stake; pointed piece of wood), so such allusions refer to areas demarcated by arbitrary / artificial boundaries or borders.

http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/beyond-the-pale.html
 
An edition of The Sky at Night, from 1960:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/p0142pvr/the-sky-at-night-the-moon#group=p0282ywf

First transmitted in 1960, Patrick Moore reviews the historic Soviet mission to launch a manned rocket into space and discusses with Gilbert Fielder, Director of the Lunar Section of the British Astronomical Association, the atmospheric conditions to be faced on the moon and the problems that could be solved by a successful landing of instruments there.

I can't remember if I actually saw this at the time - I would only have been about 15!
 
This is not entirely Forgotten history, as I've posted on aspects of this subject before.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episod...s-ships-stevedores-the-story-of-british-docks

Throughout the twentieth century, Britain's docks were the heartbeat of the nation; bustling, exciting and often dangerous places where exotic goods, people and influences from across the globe ebbed and flowed and connected Britain with the wider world. Thousands of men with jobs handed down from father to son through generations sustained these emblems of national pride, typified by London, the hub of the British Empire.

The waterside cities within cities where they lived and worked formed the frontier of the country's postwar recovery. Communities connected to the sea grew around them, some as unique as the multicultural sailortown of Tiger Bay in Cardiff, others like Liverpool primed for a new wave of world fame thanks to the music and style being brought into the country by the city's seafarers. The 1960s heralded the arrival of new forms of technological innovation in our ports, and thanks to a simple metal box, the traditional world of dockside would be radically transformed, but not without a fierce struggle to protect the dock work that many saw as their birthright.

Today, docksides are places of cultural consumption, no longer identifiable as places that once forged Britain's global standing through goods and trade. People visit waterfronts at their leisure in bars, cafes and marinas or buy a slice of waterside living in converted warehouses and buildings built on the connection to the sea. While the business of docks has moved out of sight, over 95 per cent of national trade still passes through the container yard on ever-larger ships. However, it is still possible to glimpse the vanished dockside through the archive films and first-hand stories of those who knew it best.

Narrated by Sue Johnston.

Enjoy!
 
This may have been posted before:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episod...dging-the-gap-how-the-severn-bridge-was-built

2016 sees the fiftieth anniversary of the Severn Bridge, which completed the motorway link between England and Wales. Timeshift tells the inside story of the design and construction of 'the most perfect suspension bridge in the world', and how its unique slim-line structure arose by accident.
 
This may have been posted before:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episod...dging-the-gap-how-the-severn-bridge-was-built

2016 sees the fiftieth anniversary of the Severn Bridge, which completed the motorway link between England and Wales. Timeshift tells the inside story of the design and construction of 'the most perfect suspension bridge in the world', and how its unique slim-line structure arose by accident.
I remember going across it not long after it opened. My Dad's parents lived in South Wales. As a kid, I was just awed by it.
 
A bit of science that didn't fulfill its promise: but "So long, and thanks for all the fish" is something that links that research with SETI:
The girl who talked to dolphins

Documentary telling the story of the most extraordinary experiment in the history of animal science. In the 1960s, a powerful and charismatic scientist flooded a house. He then invited a young woman to live there full-time with a dolphin. Their intention was the ultimate in animal research - they wanted to teach the dolphin to speak English. What happened next would change all their lives. For the first time those involved in the experiment reveal the secrets of the Dolphin House.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b046w2n8/the-girl-who-talked-to-dolphins

60m.
 
An unearthed American game show from 1958

I watched most of that, and found it very unsettling. Apart from the patronising (and pissed?) host the contestants wants/needs seemed to bare their inadequate famililial relationships in a way that couldn't have been good back then.

Win a rubbish college course on 'beauty', and fall out with your husband and his family forever. Yay........... Oh, maybe not.

God I hope those girls and women made it. Sadly I'm guessing a lot of them settled.
 
I watched most of that, and found it very unsettling. Apart from the patronising (and pissed?) host the contestants wants/needs seemed to bare their inadequate famililial relationships in a way that couldn't have been good back then.

Win a rubbish college course on 'beauty', and fall out with your husband and his family forever. Yay........... Oh, maybe not.

God I hope those girls and women made it. Sadly I'm guessing a lot of them settled.
Yeah, it's definitely weird ... watching it reminded me of the sob stories that used to be a fixture of the modern The X Factor .. ' I want to win to help my Mum who's dying of cancer' etc etc ...
 
Battle of Medway: The English defeat that's largely forgotten
By Tanya Gupta BBC News
7 June 2017

It was a battle that set a river on fire, caused panic across London, and left England nursing the wounds of one of its worst ever military defeats. Yet not many people today have heard of the Battle of Medway. Why?

The whiff of gunsmoke, burning timber, pitch and tar. Warships ablaze, flames shooting through gunports, the smoke visible for miles along the north Kent coastline.

This is the scene that would have greeted eyewitnesses following the Dutch raid along the River Medway in June 1667.

Carried out over several days, it targeted the English fleet at Chatham, leaving a large section of the Royal Navy either captured or destroyed. There were few casualties, but the loss of the realm's largest warships brought humiliation to the country and damaged the personal reputation of King Charles II.

It was the third in a triumvirate of disasters to befall the nation following on from the Great Plague and Great Fire of London. It created such panic in London that people sent their most valued possessions out of the city, fearing imminent occupation by Dutch forces.

Yet despite this, the raid is little remembered in the UK today. A full programme of commemorations is being held over the coming weeks in an effort to raise awareness of its 350th anniversary.
"Everyone knows about the Great Plague and the Great Fire of London, but even people locally don't know about the Battle of Medway," said Richard Holdsworth, of the Historic Dockyard Chatham, where a series of commemorations are set to take place.

etc...

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-kent-40175458
 
Battle of Medway: The English defeat that's largely forgotten
Most humiliating of all, the flagship Royal Charles - as well as the Unity - were captured and towed back to the Netherlands as a prize.
Astounding...I've never heard of such a thing. Boarding, and capturing, yes...but casually towing two ships of the line away, to the enemy's home port. That is sheer insolence.

"In English history, it was not only the often-cited 'most glorious defeat' but the last time England was invaded by an enemy force."
This makes no sense to me at all. Centuries of fear about Spanish and French invasion, yet the Dutch just barely justify a mention in the threat stakes?

Presumably any future Dutch military threats were neutralised via Royal marriages and diplomacy?
 
Astounding...I've never heard of such a thing. Boarding, and capturing, yes...but casually towing two ships of the line away, to the enemy's home port. That is sheer insolence.

This makes no sense to me at all. Centuries of fear about Spanish and French invasion, yet the Dutch just barely justify a mention in the threat stakes?

Presumably any future Dutch military threats were neutralised via Royal marriages and diplomacy?

Capturing ships was a current pratice on naval war for some centuries. I figured it out when I tried to track the names and histories of French corsair ships : they changed their names often, having been captured by one side or another. The same ship can have two or even three "lives" under different names and flags.
 
Crews got Prize money for sinking and capturing ships.

The crews preference was to board the ship and then sail it home as they would get more prize money than if they sunk the opposing ship.

I'm not sure but I think there is a case of Nelson complaining to the Admiralty that he had been forced to sink an opposing vessel and still wanted to be paid the higher rate as is it wasn't his fault that he couldn't put a prize crew on the ship and sail it home truimpantly.
 
In the third book of the superlative Patrick O'Brian Aubrey Maturin series 'Lucky' Jack Aubrey is promoted to Captain of HMS Surprise, a recently captured French 28 gun sixth rate Frigate which was formerly called Unité. There are numerous instances throughout the series of ships swapping sides as they're captured and recaptured
 
Two obsessives created a beautiful typeface at the start of the 1900's, they had some kind of personality clash/artistic fallout and the main man dumped his font tools in the River Thames in repeated secret trips .. they've just been re found .. some of them ..

 
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A sad story.

Uncovering a story of ill-fated romance and tragic death
  • 49 minutes ago
Not so long ago, the Jews of Baghdad were one of the great trading communities in Asia. In the southern Indian port city of Chennai - Madras, as it once was - Andrew Whitehead came across a last remnant of the Jewish presence there, and stumbled on a tragic love story.

I was told the place would be difficult to find - tucked away on a busy market street not far from Marina beach, with stalls obscuring the entrance. But I spotted the star of David standing proud. The gates had recently been painted sky blue, and over the entrance were the words Beit Ha Haim, Hebrew for The House Of Life. In other words, a Jewish cemetery.

The gates were padlocked. One of the market women gestured to me to wait - she got out her phone - another woman found me a plastic chair and assured me, "Someone coming."

Half-an-hour later, Kumari appeared - a bustling, well set woman in a pink sari. She had a bunch of keys, and within a couple of minutes I was ushered into a tiny graveyard, little bigger than a badminton court. It was a touch forlorn-looking, but clearly well-kept. And in case I hadn't cottoned on who was responsible for the upkeep, Kumari wielded her broom energetically to clear leaves from the gravestones.

The synagogue in what was Madras was demolished decades ago. The city now has no Jewish community, though some say there are still a few individuals. The cemetery is just about all that's left, and that's moved, perhaps twice, down the years. Only a handful of the older graves have survived, the most substantial that of Abraham Salomons, a coral merchant, who died in 1745.

There's a handful of 20th Century graves. One caught my eye - a woman who died in 1943 in her early twenties, Victoria M Sofaer. What was the story behind that early death? ...

http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-40221002
 
This story is new to me:
‘The £18 traitor’: The little-known Plymouth spy hanged during WW2
By WMNAGreenwood | Posted: June 11, 2017

His execution for treachery in the middle of the Second World War made headlines around the world.
Yet the name of merchant seaman Duncan Alexander Croall Scott-Ford, who was born in Plymouth, is hardly known in his home city.
And that’s despite him being regarded by MI5 as one of the most dangerous traitors ever to be brought to justice.

Driven by lust, greed and the promise of riches if Germany won the war, Scott-Ford, the son of a Plymouth sailor, almost certainly caused the sinking of several ships with the loss of hundreds of lives.

His trial was held in secret at the Old Bailey. He was hanged aged just 21 at Wandsworth prison in 1942 after being found guilty of treachery.
His execution made headlines across the world. He was dubbed ‘the man who sold his country for £18’ – the cash sum he received from his Nazy spymasters.

Scott-Ford was born in Plymouth on September 4, 1921. His father died when he was 11. It’s not known what befell his mother.
Educated at the Royal Hospital School, at Holbrook, from 1933 to 1937, he followed his father into the Royal Navy aged 16. He was posted to HMS Impregnable in Devonport in December 1937.

His downfall began in June 1939 in Tanzania where he met Ingeborg Richter, the daughter of a leading Nazi. He was 18. She was a beautiful 17-year-old.

Later the same year he was caught passing secreting codes to a prostitute in Alexandria, dismissed from the Navy and sentenced to six months imprisonment.
But he was crucially allowed to go free when he returned to the UK and re-enlisted as a merchant seaman in Glasgow.

He would go on to have at least five meetings with German agents in foreign ports – divulging details of convoy movements which would then be targeted by German U-boats.
In return he was given women and the cash sum for which he would become infamous.
He was also promised the hand in marriage of Richter with whom he was infatuated and the prospect of running his own ship, or port, in the event that Germany triumphed.

He fell under suspicion and was followed by British spies in 1942 when his ship arrived in Lisbon, Portgual.
Scott-Ford was arrested when he returned home. In his pocket was a notebook containing details of convoy routes.
At MI5’s interrogation centre, Scott-Ford finally revealed the full extent of his betrayal.

“He came here full of bombast, visualising himself an important figure in the international spy racket,” one report said. “During the course of lengthy and searching interrogation he was eventually shown to be the traitorous rat he is.

etc...

http://www.plymouthherald.co.uk/821...d-during-ww2/story-30378919-detail/story.html
 
But that Spit was a two-seater trainer.

Was it really the Spit that the Czeck pilot flew in the war?
 
But that Spit was a two-seater trainer
And therefore almost-certainly an Irish Air Corps trainer Spitfire, as used for many of the long shots for "The Battle of Britain" film.

Was it really the Spit that the Czeck pilot flew in the war?
Not convinced that it is...but there are a couple of references in the clip that sound close to actually saying that. He was a late-war pilot, 1944 onwards (he does say this) and that two-seater could be 1945 or later.


Ahah....the truth.http://www.waddingtonflyingclub.com/mj627_history.html

MJ627 was built at Castle Bromwich, England, during the autumn of 1943 as part of the serial batch MJ602 to MJ646. As an LF.IXc, she was fitted with a Rolls-Royce Merlin 66 engine and first flown on November 27. Shortly afterwards, the aircraft was delivered to number 9 Maintenance Unit (MU), Royal Air Force (RAF) Cosford, where it was stored until the spring of 1944. On March 13, MJ627 arrived at General Aircraft for further checks which were almost certainly conducted at Hanworth, Middlesex.

MJ627 entered service with number 441(Silver Fox) Sqn, Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) on September 25, 1944 and served with the RAF from Advanced Landing Ground B70 located in Belgium. She was given the codes ‘9G-Q’ and the first operational sortie was flown by Flight Lieutenant A.A.Smith on a patrol in the Venloe/Nijmegen area.


On September 27, 1944 Pilot Officer Bregman took off in MJ627 to patrol the Arnhem area. At around 6000 feet, some fifteen Bf 109’s and Fw 190’s were engaged to the east of Arnhem and Bregman was later credited with the downing of a single Bf 109. Remaining with 441 Sqn, MJ627 was kept busy during the latter part of 1944 and the following sorties were recorded:


> November 6 - Flying Officer F.E.Manette was tasked to cover 216 Lancaster Bomber aircraft thatwere targeting Gelsenkirchen.

> November 10 - Flight Lieutenant Smith flew an ‘op’ to Minoru, escorting Dakotas to Paris.

> November 27 - Flying Officer B.M Mackenzie gave top cover for Lancasters to Cologne.

> November 29 - Flying Officer Bregman flew as a withdrawal escort for 270 Lancasters.

> December 8 - Flying Officer Bregman escorted 220 Lancasters to the Heinbach Dam with the Squadron then landing at Brussells as the weather had closed in at home base.


December 27, 1944 saw number 441 Sqn. being posted to Skeabrae, Orkney Islands, Scotland for defence of the Naval Fleet. However, on March 9, 1945, following a routine patrol, MJ627 experienced engine problems that resulted in a forced-landing in heather. The resulting damage to the airframe was initially declared Category E, but later re-categorised as ‘B’.... “beyond repair on site”. At this point, the total flying hours were recorded as 245.05.


On September 11, 1945, MJ627 was eventually sent to Air Service Training, Hamble, Hants for repairs and then issued to number 29 MU at High Ercall, Shropshire for storage. The aircraft was sold to Vickers Armstrong Ltd on July 19, 1950 and subsequently moved by road to Southampton. The company then converted the airframe into a T9 Trainer aircraft with 2-seats and it bore the B-Conditions marking G-15-171. The conversion necessitated the removal of the centre fuel tank and the repositioning of the front seat some 12 inches forward.

Having been converted to a 2-seat trainer, MJ627 was sold to the Irish Air Corps, given the markings IAC 158 and delivered to Baldonnel, near Dublin on June 5, 1951. She stayed with the Irish air Corps until April 20, 1960 before being withdrawn from service. At this point records show a total of 1036.10 flying hours.


On November 13, 1963 MJ627 seemed destined for a film career and was delivered to Elstree Studios where on February 19, 1964 she was reregistered by Film Aviation Services as G-ASOZ. Although such films as the Battle of Britain were being produced, MJ627 was not used in any flying sequence but instead robbed of her parts for other film-star aircraft such as MH343 (G-ASIV). In September 1964 Mr Tim Davies bought the remaining airframe and remnants of MJ627 which he stored at various locations until she was purchased by the current owner, Mr Maurice Bayliss, in1976.

Purchased by Mr Bayliss as a long-term restoration project, work commenced in earnest at Kenilworth. Fitted with Rolls-Royce Merlin 76 engine, the aircraft was given her current civilian registration of G-BMSB on May 3, 1978.


In 1989 MJ627 was moved to Coventry, Warks, for assembly at Dollar Air Services hangar and had its first engine runs in 1992. Piloted by Squadron Leader Paul Day, MJ627’s first post-restoration flight was flown on November 8 1993 - timed to coincide with its original first flight 50 years previously at Castle Bromwich. In view of MJ627’s operational history it was finished in number 441 Sqn colours, and coded 9G-P with invasion stripes.

On May 6, 1994 MJ627 was flown to Bruntingthorpe, Leicestershire, and lodged in the main hangar along with Vulcan XH558 and Victor XM715. August 1997 saw her being relocated to Coventry Airport where she enjoyed mixed fortunes. Following a demonstration on April 25, 1998 MJ627 crashed landed at Coventry Airport at about 1300 hrs. Squadron Leader Paul Day was flying her but to his horror found that the undercarriage would not lower despite several airtests in recent weeks. After jettisoning the front canopy he and his passenger, Mr Tom Goodwin the aircraft’s ground engineer, prepared for the inevitable. As MJ627 neared the ground Day kept the nose high, for a gentle touchdown and to protect the Merlin engine as long as possible. Finally with the tailwheel tickling along the ground, the throttle was shut early enough to slow the propeller and MJ627 settled on the soft grass. The four wooden propeller blades shattered, each £2000 blade turning to matchwood in an instant. MJ627 came to rest and thankfully both Day and Goodwin were able to get out unhurt. The cause ? A tuppenny 6BA bolt had fallen out and into the undercarriage selector, jamming it. Despite this unfortunate and costly incident, there was never any question that Mr Bayliss would restore MJ627 back to full airworthiness.

On February 14, 2002 Sqn.Ldr.Paul Day carried out a post repair air test and landed at RAF Coningsby. On May 7, 2003 MJ627 was flown into East Kirby airfield where she became a main attraction at The Lincolnshire Aviation Heritage Centre for the next 5 years.


Having retired from the RAF, Sqn Leader Day declared his intention to continue flying MJ627 and in the summer of 2008 flew her into her new base at RAF Waddington where she is currently located. A team of willing volunteers led by Mr Keith Brenchley help keep the aircraft in an airworthy condition and, having been fitted with a new engine in the winter of 2010, she can be regularly seen and more often heard gracing the Lincolnshire sky line.


....Lets hope that she continues to do so for many years to come!
 
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Whores of Yore‏@WhoresofYore 17m17 minutes ago
Medieval women could annul marriage on grounds of impotence. The husband had to be examined by wise matrons. A 1433 case in York recorded...

DDhC06OW0AIkfnv.jpg
 
Two obsessives created a beautiful typeface at the start of the 1900's, they had some kind of personality clash/artistic fallout and the main man dumped his font tools in the River Thames in repeated secret trips .. they've just been re found .. some of them ..


I remember hearing a R4 doc about that a few months back... the guy who 're-created' the font from the few pieces that had been found, seemed even more chronically obsessive than the original artists. He would frequently abandon his family for epic, marathon graphic-editing sessions because he thought a serif on one of the letters might be infinitesimally out of balance. In fairness though, it really was a beautiful font.
 
I remember hearing a R4 doc about that a few months back... the guy who 're-created' the font from the few pieces that had been found, seemed even more chronically obsessive than the original artists. He would frequently abandon his family for epic, marathon graphic-editing sessions because he thought a serif on one of the letters might be infinitesimally out of balance. In fairness though, it really was a beautiful font.

It is a subtly elegant font - now available for download at £40 per single licence:

https://typespec.co.uk/doves-type/

I like it, but will probably stick with Arial or TNR and do something more fun with my £40.
 
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