This was also on today's Quora, a few posts below the London deaths.
Rule Britannia!
The curious tale of how the horrific ordeal of an 11 year-old Cornish boy led to the creation of the famous patriotic song.
Thomas Pellow was born in Penryn Cornwall in 1704. In 1715, he was in the care of his uncle John, the captain of a cargo ship, transporting goods between Plymouth and Genoa. What should have been a routine sea voyage, albeit rather an exciting one for an 11 year-old boy, was soon to become an absolute nightmare.
On the return journey, somewhere in the Bay of Biscay, Pellow’s ship was attacked by Barbary Pirates (aka Ottoman Corsairs). Thomas and the surviving crew were seized and taken as slaves to the Sultan of Morocco in Rabat. Thomas was subject to daily beatings until he agreed to convert to Islam. His treatment improved after that and, as the years passed, Thomas learnt to speak fluent Arabic and his obvious intelligence resulted in him gaining a status somewhat above the other slaves. Thomas gained the rank of slave-soldier and was placed in control of other slaves. In his late teens, a marriage was even arranged for him, as the Sultan knew this would likely tie him to his control and would, hopefully, provide offspring to become the next generation of slaves. Whilst away on his duties, his wife and child died from disease and, with nothing left to live for in Morocco, Thomas decided he had to escape. After at least two failed attempts, he finally succeeded some 23 years after being captured when, disguised as a travelling doctor, he reached the coast and boarded an Irish ship that took him to Gibraltar. With his full beard, Moorish clothing and dark tan, at first the British authorities didn’t believe he was the long-lost Cornishman. Eventually though he persuaded them as to his identity and returned to Britain. He made his way back to Penryn, where he received a hero’s welcome and was reunited with his family. He did find it hard to readjust to life in Cornwall though and, in an attempt to exorcise the traumatic memories of the past 23 years, wrote his memoirs “The History of the Long Captivity and Adventures of Thomas Pellow”.
On reading this remarkable 18th century best-seller, Scotsman James Thomson was inspired to write his poem “Rule Britannia”, which often repeats and concludes with “Britons never will be slaves”. The poem was set to music by Thomas Arne in 1740.
So, next time you hear Rule Britannia being sung at the Last Night of The Proms, remember that it was designed as an exhortation to the British Navy to prevent Britons from being enslaved by pirates and, had Britain not “ruled the waves”, the Royal Navy would not have been able to enforce the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act passed by parliament in 1807.
Finally, spare a thought for Thomas Pellow, who was just one of well over a million Europeans enslaved in North Africa between the 16th and 19th centuries.