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The Negros d’Água of the Ribeira de Iguape River: Myth and History in a Narrative Elaborated by the Ribeira Valley’s Black Communitie
Gabriela Segarra Martins Paes*English version: David Rodgers
If you want to download

https://www.scielo.br/j/rbh/a/xGpNzrctFTmZywzTZjy4zPc/?format=pdf&lang=en
That is a very interesting narrative regarding the establishment of the Black communities in Ribeira Valley and the mythology of negros d'agua that was created as a result of the slave trade from Africa to Brazil.

I know very little of South America and enjoy reading about some of the history and myths.
 
Mayup Maman, The Mother of the River, Santiago del Estero Province

Also Mayu Maman. Mother of the River. Deity of Santiago del Estero, which lives mainly in the Río Dulce. Folklorist Félix Coluccio extends his habitat to the entire Northwest, but This is debatable. She is represented as a beautiful blonde woman who combs her hair with a gold comb, with a slice of ulúa (Harrisia pomanensis) or a ñajcha (fishtail). Because your half lower is almost always in the shape of a fish; you can say which is a river mermaid. She is usually seen riding the first wave of the Rio Dulce rising or sinking and emerging from its murky waters, but often also hanging from the riverside trees, at night moonlight or peaceful naps. It is said that he keeps the rain in his large jars, and that announces to good men the arrival of river flooding and the formation of overflows. For other authors, it deals also to hunt the clouds and pour over the fields the blessing of rain. In the latter case, there is in the form of a gigantic snake. But not everything is good in her. It is said that sometimes It drags men to the bottom of the waters, drowning them. Under this same name a deity is also known evil and phallic.
Its multiple representations and elements seem indicate that there are several myths subsumed in the legend of this river siren, from the captivating hybrids of the Mediterranean even native demons of which today little it's known

Credit : Colombres, Adolfo - Seres Sobrenaturales de la Cultura Popular Argentina, 2009
 
The Mother of the Waters, Version from Jujuy Province

In the Quebrada del Encanto there is a square stone, completely surrounded by water. There many years before a blonde woman came out, with beautiful hair, and shee sat there singing and playing the guitar, with his feet into the water, and everyone who heard it was delighted. This such a pretty woman if she was busy charming the young men and many say that they have fallen into the lagoon and they have not seen more. They say the lower part of his body is like a fish. That is the mother of water. It has, they say, a palace under the waters, there he takes the young men. Everything is charming. That's why It's called La Quebrada del Encanto (Charm) and everyone is afraid of enter the ravine.
Claudia Mendoza, 72 years old.
First-hand account compiled in Pueblo Viejo, San Antonio, Jujuy, 1951.
Credit: Berta Vidal de Battini (Argentine Folklorist, writer, researcher and teacher, b.1900,d.1984)
 
Ahó-Ahó, Guarani Land

Mythical animal from the Guaraní region with a terrible ppearance. Is similar to a sheep but with large claws; and devours those found in the jungle. The only salvation is to go up a palm tree, a sacred tree that will not dare to desecrate. If the pursued climbs up. any other tree Ahó-Ahó will knock it down by digging with its powerful nails, to devour the poor man as soon as he falls to the ground.
Folklorist and Archaeologist Juan Bautista Ambrosetti suspects that this is a fake legend spread by the Jesuit fathers in the missions of Alto Paraná to prevent the guarariíes from moving away from the reductions, for fear that they would desert, get lost in the jungle or be victimized by jaguars or unreduced natives, which they were always hanging around.


Credit : Colombres, Adolfo - Seres Sobrenaturales de la Cultura Popular Argentina, 2009
 
An American Dragon, Misiones Province and Paraguay

Teyú-Yagua also known as Teyú-Yeguá. Legend spread in Misiones and Paraguay. This creature is described as a huge lizard with traits of a dog that causes shipwrecks. Others show it as a large reptile with seven dog or jaguar heads that usually produces frightening howls or barks. It is also described as a dragon of horrible aspect whose fury is only calmed with human sacrifices. It lives in deep waters, in inaccessible caverns and even in yerba mate plantations It is said to attract men with its breath, to devour them. Its destructive power is invincible.​

Credit : Colombres, Adolfo - Seres Sobrenaturales de la Cultura Popular Argentina, 2009
 
The Elf and Paranormal Phenomena, Jujuy Province, Argentine

The old people say that many years ago he lived in a mansion of which there are still ruins, don Juan of Dios Córdoba, a rich man, with his wife, who was very cute. One day at a nap they woke up big noises like stones being thrown at the ceiling. They went out to see and they found nothing. From that day on the noises did not leave them sleep. The black maids they had told the lady, that's the elf. When the goblin takes over a house he no longer lets people live. —Madam, we have to move to a house far away so that the elf
don't bother anymore. And it happened as the maids said. These young women had been slaves, like those owned by rich families.
previously. And they had to move to a very distant home
When they were loading all the things in the house, the black cook said they were forgetting a big basket and there he lifted it
"Haven't you forgotten anything else?"
Then from the bottom of the basket, a voice, which was that of the
goblin, answered:
—Yes, they are forgetting the sieve.
Terrified, the cook threw the basket with the elf who was already going on a trip with the family.

María L. de Bonfanti, 30 years old
First-hand account compiled in Arrayanal. San Pelro, Jujuy, 1946
Credit: Berta Vidal de Battini (Argentine Folklorist, writer, researcher and teacher, b.1900,d.1984)
 
The Mocking Goblin, Tucuman Province, Argentine

He is a genius about whom people commented on the way he frequently made his presence known in this town It happened on a ranch, 1,500 meters SW of the school, where a family named Sir lived. Shortly after he had to move to another ranch, leaving that one abandoned with the name of "The duende's house". And that's what they call him neighbors to the place.
According to what they say, those who lived on the ranch had to move for what the being did to them The elf, despite being nothing more than pranks, did not leave them alone with increasing insistence. He turned off the light, threw away their shoes and He uncovered them when they were sleeping, he hid the money in some hole in the house. When they walked through the courtyard at night, he would throw clods, stones, or with anything else, but without hurting them.
Julia M. Flores
First-hand account compiled in Leales. Tucumán, 1953
Credit: Berta Vidal de Battini (Argentine Folklorist, writer, researcher and teacher, b.1900,d.1984)
 
The Goblin and the Police, Tucuman Province, Argentine

A very curious case happened here with the elf when I was working as a police officer. The parents came to report that a little girl between 6 and 8 years old had disappeared So we moved there with several police officers. We did a thorough reconnaissance of the place. We interrogate to the neighbors without establishing
nothing about the girl's whereabouts. At night we checked the area again. And the next day, the parents came to tell us that the girl had reappeared more or less, about 10 meters from the living place. They found him in some nearby bushes although the day before we had reviewed everything minimally. There was a kind of little pond. And the girl declared that a goblin had kidnapped her. As a result of the stories that her mother told her, she imagined that this being was the elf. It was a small man with a big hat. He had fed her, during 6, 8 or 10 days prickly pear fruits (Opuntia ficus indica). This fact was verified because we found the peels of the fruit cut in that precise place. We also detected traces in the form of a kind of small bed made of straw where the little girl supposedly slept, and perhaps the elf too. The parents had the absolute certainty that the goblin was responsible. The girl was completely malnourished due to lack of food. The girl couldn't return home, I don't know if why. the goblin would have kidnapped her, or like hypnotized. I do not know what supernatural power the goblin would have, to be so close, 10 or 15 meters from the house and cannot be seen. Here everyone know the case.

Note:It is very curious, if this story is true, the relativity of time for the girl and the rest of the people. Malnutrition implies that he was not only absent for one day but that it was actually about a week that he could not return home.
The nutritional contribution of the prickly pear fruit is about 50 Kcal per 100 grams.

Carlos María Avellaneda, 55 years old.
First-hand account compiled in Raco. Tafí. Tucumán. 1970.
Credit: Berta Vidal de Battini (Argentine Folklorist, writer, researcher and teacher, b.1900,d.1984)

 
The Elf and Paranormal Phenomena, Jujuy Province, Argentine

The old people say that many years ago he lived in a mansion of which there are still ruins, don Juan of Dios Córdoba, a rich man, with his wife, who was very cute. One day at a nap they woke up big noises like stones being thrown at the ceiling. They went out to see and they found nothing. From that day on the noises did not leave them sleep. The black maids they had told the lady, that's the elf. When the goblin takes over a house he no longer lets people live. —Madam, we have to move to a house far away so that the elf
don't bother anymore. And it happened as the maids said. These young women had been slaves, like those owned by rich families.
previously. And they had to move to a very distant home
When they were loading all the things in the house, the black cook said they were forgetting a big basket and there he lifted it
"Haven't you forgotten anything else?"
Then from the bottom of the basket, a voice, which was that of the
goblin, answered:
—Yes, they are forgetting the sieve.
Terrified, the cook threw the basket with the elf who was already going on a trip with the family.

María L. de Bonfanti, 30 years old
First-hand account compiled in Arrayanal. San Pelro, Jujuy, 1946
Credit: Berta Vidal de Battini (Argentine Folklorist, writer, researcher and teacher, b.1900,d.1984)
This one I like. The goblin hiding, intending on moving with the family. It is like many of the fairy tales that I read as a kid.:)
 
I think a booklet I wrote years ago is somewhat relevant here, and certainly contains legends of supernatural beings from Latin America that are associated with bodies of water:

Phantom Black Dogs in Latin America

I also wrote a follow up essay, which I include here for completeness' sake:
Phantom Black Dogs in Prehispanic Mexico
I find your booklet and your article very interesting.
If it is of interest I can contribute several articles about Black Dogs and werewolves in South America
 
#1 South American Black Dog & Werewolves Chronicles
Bricklayers Claim to have been Attacked by "El Familiar"


They were working on a construction site and were surprised by a shadow. One of them was dragged into a canal and had to be taken to the hospital.
According to a legend from the north of the country, the "Family Dog" takes souls to hell. Some workers from Salta said that he returned to take a colleague and dragged him into a canal. The man had to be taken to the hospital.

"The Familiar", according to the workers, is lurking, his appearances are "constant." They have seen "specters" and are sure that it was that demon that attacked the man. The event occurred in Tabacal, located in the north of the province of Salta.
"The Familiar came upset, God save us, but this animal came to take a soul," they insisted.
This spectrum is also called Sulpay or El Tío. It is a familiar spirit that transforms into a huge black dog and devours men. Legend says that it appears in the sugar mills of northwest Argentina.
According to the best-known version, this creature gives power and money to those who invoke it, but asks for souls as a reward.
The most widespread story of "El Familiar" is that of its appearance at the Santa Ana sugar mill, owned by the Frenchman Clodomiro Hileret in the province of Tucumán. According to a historian, it helped Hileret retain many workers.

Norte (Chaco) October 6, 2022
Newspaper published in Resistencia, Chaco Province, Argentine
 
#2 South American Black Dog & Werewolves Chronicles
The legend that Captivates the People of Tucumán: The Familiar


By José María Posse / lawyer, writer and historian.

For some intellectuals, myths are constructed as a form of domination of some people over others.
For researcher Adolfo Colombres, “Far from being a superstition, the myth is a true story, anchored in culture. The thing is that man, in addition to being rational, is a symbolic animal. Like art, myth cuts out a fragment of life and uses the mask to illuminate the hidden things, where the keys to reality lie.”
One of the most widespread beliefs in the sugar regions of the country is that of the Familiar, ambassador of the devil and guardian of the pacts that are celebrated with him, a theme that captivated different scholars, among whom I highlight the aforementioned Dr. Colombres, the Dr. Eduardo Rosenzvaig and Professor Alba Omil. Apparently, the legend began to take shape among the sugar millers towards the end of the 19th century when the owners of sugar mills became rich quickly, thanks to that sugar fever, which soon turned them into true potentates. . The popular imagination elaborated in its own way the origin of these fortunes, a product of the manufacturing revolution operated by large machinery. They attributed them to secret pacts that the boss made with Supay (the devil), to whom he gave some labor in exchange for earthly wealth. The ration varied according to the contract; if he did not comply, he himself would have to give up his soul. Soon the myth gained strength; At night, terrified workers swore they had seen eyes of fire prowling through the cane fields.
universal root
The picture appears to vary by region; In the sugar-producing countries of Central America, it would have the shape of a large viper, with hair and glowing eyes. Also the shape of a huge wild boar with prehensile claws of extraordinary size. It can be seen as a fabulous dog, which sometimes walks on two legs, who also has sharp claws that can destroy a man in seconds. There is even a type of Familiar spirits in human form. At the Caribbean peasant campfires, the voice is lowered when talking about a European with a gloomy appearance and lifeless eyes, dressed entirely in black and riding a tuco horse. He carries the contract that is signed with the blood of those who agree with Lucifer.

The most widespread myth among us attributes it to the shape of a huge black dog, with a bright fiery gaze and long nails, capable of tearing a man with a single swipe of its paw. The monster feeds on human flesh and the spirit of its victims, whom it leads to hell. According to belief, the Familiar lived in the basements of the factories, hidden among the bags of sugar or in the chimneys of the mills. Some nights, during the harvest, the boss would let him freely choose his victim, or would point out this or that worker who was causing him problems.
The way to know that the monster is nearby is by the penetrating smell of sulfur and rotting meat; also by the sound of dragging chains. Always travel through the reed beds in a straight line and cross any construction or object that crosses your path. Nothing can stop or hurt him.
According to researcher Colombres, “the bullets or the sharp edges of the machetes do nothing to the Familiar. He only recoils from the cross of the dagger, that is, he yields to the power of the sign, not the weapon.”
It is evident that some industrialist (or at least his administrators or foremen) made use of the terror caused by the Familiar to intimidate wayward workers who organized strikes; There is even talk of the mysterious disappearance of some of them.
The Santa Ana mill
According to studies, the legend would have had its origin in the Santa Ana Mill, by Clodomiro Hileret. This Frenchman, who arrived in Tucumán in the second half of the 19th century as a Well Engineer for the railroad construction company, made a quick fortune. In 1887, by joining the revolutionaries who overthrew the governor Don Juan Posse (it did not affect the national government), Hilleret benefited from the “soft credits” (which were never fully returned), with which the National Bank rewarded the supporters. of President Miguel Juárez Célman in the province. Thanks to this, he was able to buy the machinery with which he built that colossal device, as historian Donna J. Guy points out.
Clodomiro Hileret was a person with a cold and distant character, not very fond of having contact with the staff of his factory. He surrounded himself with brutal foremen, who enforced his orders, sometimes in bad ways. The Frenchman also did not fraternize with the families that owned the other sugar mills, who were always suspicious of that strange character.
Word soon began to spread among the Santa Ana workers that the boss had formalized an agreement with Supay himself. How could this foreigner without fortune have acquired so much wealth in those few years if not through something supernatural? That was the thought of those rural workers who saw emerging in the middle of the uncultivated jungle, the buildings that would shelter those colossal
machinery imported from European factories. Who also listened to the music and laughter of the sumptuous parties with which Hileret entertained his friends, in his splendid mansion near the Ingenio. They also saw unknown plants growing in the gardens of that house and exotic animals and birds wandering in the artificial lake that had been designed by European landscapers. Something undoubtedly prodigious must have been hidden behind all that portent.
For popular culture, the owners of sugar mills who made the demonic pact received economic and political power in exchange. They had the obligation to sacrifice at least one worker per year. He would have a predilection for workers who rebelled against the authority of their foremen and who organized strikes.
The industrialist had to pass on the legacy to his heirs; if he did not do so, upon his death the Family Member would die of hunger and the family fortune would be lost, leaving the family cursed.
When a fatal accident occurred in the factories, the workers immediately said that the Familiar had already received his dues. If there were more than one victims, it meant that the monster was hungry and that the year would be of great economic benefit for the owner of the mill.
In the case of the industrialist Clodomiro Hilleret, his death and its consequences only fueled the myth. He died suddenly on board a ship, on a trip to Europe. In the Ingenio chalet, a closed coffin was kept vigil for days, with a large photograph of him next to it, which fueled the mystery and speculation that Lucifer had finally collected his debt with the life of the industrialist himself. A few years later, his descendants lost the factory and left Tucumán.
In the 1930s, the Santa Ana Sugar Mill remained in the hands of the national government; it finally closed in 1966, when the Onganía dictatorship determined the closure of a good part of the sugar mills in Tucumán.
Dr. Eduardo Rosenzvaig carried out extraordinary field work in the former Santa Ana Sugar Mill, where the researcher eager to delve deeper into the subject can learn about the stories of that disappeared sugar factory and the mysteries it still contains.
Durability of the myth
The legend of the Familiar is still alive in those sleeping towns, where sometimes a neighbor believes they hear chains dragging on moonless nights. There is talk of eyes of fire that still wander, aimlessly, as if searching for a lost soul or an unfinished dream.
Serapio Almaraz, former laborer of the former Esperanza Mill, who still lived in the area, explained in a note in the newspaper "La Gaceta" in July 1971, that the wealth of Esperanza (by then closed) depended on the devil. According to Almaraz, since the mill was paralyzed in the great crisis of 1967, the Familiar dog has been on the loose, "because he has no one to take care of him." For this man, "the former owners of the factory were men Well placed, they were not afraid of him, they stood in front of him, and made him a contract. “If I were younger, now that they are gone, I would have stood up to him. Some of Don Wenceslao's descendants should come and confront him; Only then would wealth return to Esperanza. "Everything depends on someone who wants to be a partner with the devil, but he must be a good man."
Over the years, the myth lost force. The current sugar industry is going through all kinds of problems, and the big sugar families were dissipating their relevance, until some of them became just pages of a forgotten book. The Familiar no longer lords over the cane fields and its presence faded away, along with the chimera of sweet gold that excited generations of Tucumans. The times are other, the people are other; No one seems to remember those fantastic pacts that forged the first mechanized industry in the country, and that this year turns two hundred years old.
Note:
The article is based on a work carried out for the platform of the Ministry of Education of the Province by the author, in the DAPT 2020 program, with the Illustration of César Carrizo, Cartoonist Teacher. DAPT 2021.-
Bibliography:
Dr. Donna J. Guy, (1981), “Argentine Sugar Policy, Tucumán and the Generation of the Eighties”, Foundation. Banco Comercial del Norte, Tucumán.
Dr. Adolfo Colombres (2009), “Argentine Mythological Beings”, Edit. Colihue; Buenos Aires.
Dr. Eduardo Rosenzvaig (1988), “Santa Ana, a model of rural culture”; Institute of Plastic Arts-Aguilares, UNT Faculty of Arts. Tucumán.
Professor Alba Omil (2002), “The Demons in the Myths of the Argentine Northwest.” Lucio Piérola Editions; Tucumán.

Source:La Gaceta (San Miguel de Tuucman), Janury 17, 2021
 
#3 South American Black Dog & Werewolves Chronicles
"El Familiar" Appeared in a Sugar Mill in the North


It is the first time that testimonies from security personnel have come to light that attest to the existence of the horrendous demonic character.
According to popular beliefs, it is a man-eating spirit that haunts the cane fields. There are several versions that refer to its appearance, some assimilate it to a viper, others to a dog, while many paint it with humanoid features.
The truth is that nights ago, in the Orán department, a 23-year-old young man from Embarcación was scared away in the middle of his work. According to testimonies, the worker, who works as a machine watchman in one of the numerous positions at a sugar mill in the north of the province, arrived around 6:00 p.m.
“This guy is an employee of a mill contractor. The machine he looks after is several kilometers from the position where the vinasse piles are located. It was around 8:30 p.m., I was sitting next to the door of the hut, listening to music and singing loudly (to the sound of different rhythms), because at that time there was no one there. "I was thinking about something else," said the security woman, whose identity is withheld.
Then he told a local media : “Suddenly this boy appeared and his voice couldn't come out, like when you're hoarse. So, half stuttering, he tells me, Madam, you can call my mom. The scare I got when I saw him standing in front of me like that, after appearing out of nowhere. And there I stopped and said 'what are you doing here', and he stayed looking at me. The young man wanted cry. I make him sit in the chair, but he said no and sat on the floor. I gave him water, wet his head and told him to calm down (sic).”
The minutes became eternal and terrifying in the lonely sugar stand, where the boy's fright and the shopkeeper's questions reigned. It was then that the young man confessed: “They wanted to grab me. I thought (at first) that they wanted to assault him, but when he managed to calm down (a little) he told me that he was on top of the machine and began to feel that they were throwing pebbles at him in front of the machine, on the glass, and then larger stones to the roof. That's when he gets off the machine, grabs the flashlight, and sees a giant shadow of a man in a hat. And this shadow shouts loudly: “Yaaaa, you're leaving here. The young man then grabbed his backpack and started running without stopping.
The distance between the vinasse pools and the checkpoint, according to the woman, is similar to that between Hipólito Yrigoyen and Orán (about 16 km). "It's a lot for (a person) to run."
"While he was running, he looked back and saw the shadow that was following him, and it was like it wanted to grab him. When he fell, at one point, he looked in his pockets for his cell phone, but out of fear he tore both pockets of his pants. When I I made him take out his hands, he had both pockets in his hand. His eyes seemed to want to pop out, his face was pale.”
Outcome
The woman notified the security company so that they could quickly communicate with the young worker's superiors and take note of the situation. “While I was calming him down, a very heavy iron table (that is in the stall) turned over and was left upside down. Like someone threw it. That's when security Yáñez arrived and he saw her like that. There we realized that the Familiar wanted to take him and that he had followed him to the place. I wasn't scared because I know that story, but the boy started crying and kept telling me that he wanted to go with his mother. I didn't know how to act at that moment, I was afraid that (the young man) would have an attack, because he was very scared. Finally I left when my replacement arrived." After the terrifying event became public in local media, this terrible demon is only talked about in the towns of the departments of Orán and San Martín, and there are few brave people who are willing to act as the watchman these days.
According to legend, the Familiar eats only human flesh and usually hangs around the warehouses of the mill workers. Only those who have been victims of the Familiar know him, they point out. It is not possible to kill or injure him with knives or firearms. However - they point out - it is possible to escape his clutches alive by showing him the cross that is formed with the end of a dagger.​

Source: El Tribuno (Salta) March 5, 2019
 
#4 South American Black Dog & Werewolves Chronicles
The Story of “Macho”, the Mysterious Black dog of the Brealito Lagoon, Salta Province, Argentine


As we said in a previous story, in the expedition that three young men and me made to the Brealito lagoon in 1963, a black dog joined us in the last part of the way. And just as it mysteriously appeared, in the same way it disappeared as soon as we crossed the gate of the Luracatao farm.
The "black dog", as we nicknamed him, approached us that night as we began the last stretch of the 22 kilometers between Seclantás and the lagoon. We then discussed whether we would accept it or not, after one of the group rejected it: “black dogs are a sign of bad luck and this dog has whole ears,” Yaravigo Ruiz said grumpily. The fact is that when, after discussion, we admitted it, the dog accompanied us to the entrance gate. From there, we forgot about him when the beauty of the lagoon dazzled us and only at dawn did we realize his absence.
The next day, when we asked the lagoon farmer Don Milagro Liendro if he had not seen the black dog that came with us, he responded that that animal was a “ghost” and that although it always accompanied walkers at night, it never crossed the Luracatao gate. . “There will be time to tell you the story of that ghost,” he said seriously.
The revelation left us speechless. In any case, we didn't waste time asking Don Milagro to tell us about the dog. And so it was that on the second night around the campfire, the man began to tell the story.
“According to my grandfather, Don Lorenzo Liendro, a long time ago many fishermen used to come to try their luck with silversides. Sometimes large groups came and stayed for several days and, as happens with fishing, they caught bugs and other times they returned empty-handed.
Many of those from here arrived with their little dogs, as was the case of Don Jacinto Sulca who went everywhere with “Macho”, a medium-sized black dog, short hair, shiny and well-known.
And so it was that for one Holy Week, Don Jacinto came to fish even though the bugs hardly come out on that date. Along the rock on the side of the little town he went down to the lagoon to cast his hook. He says that my grandfather spied on him all day from this same place and saw that he didn't get anything done. And when it became night she saw him light a little fire that little by little went out.
The grandfather moved to the place where was Sulquita , but suddenly something like a gale blew over this bonfire while a horrible dog howl came clearly from the other side of the lagoon. Perhaps the sudden gust of wind did not let him hear where that painful howl that dogs make when they are beaten was coming from. Then he thought that maybe someone had wanted to tell him something.
The next day, the first thing my grandfather did was look to the side where Sulca was fishing. He looked closely and didn't see him, although he was surprised that only his black dog was left in the place. The little animal was motionless, staring at the water. The fact is that upon seeing the animal alone, he immediately imagined a tragedy and staggered off to Sulquita's place. He surrounded the lagoon and when he arrived he only found his saddlebag, the fishing rod and an empty bottle. The dog was not there and I had just seen it from the other side. He observed the place and the footprints on the muddy ground, he warned him that Sulquita had almost certainly fallen into the water. He left things as they were and when he remembered Macho - that was the name of Sulca's little dog - he called him, he whistled for him, but nothing about Macho and no matter how hard he looked for him, he couldn't find him anywhere. It was as if he had been swallowed by the earth or the water, and that increased his suspicions.”
And continuing with her story, Milagro added: “My grandfather returned to the house, saddled the horse and according to instructions he had for such cases, he got ready to go to Seclantás and notify the police of the news. When he was leaving for the town, he looked towards Sulca and to his surprise there was
There was the dog again, sitting and looking at the water. Thinking that now he could get closer to the little animal to see its behavior, he trotted to the place but when he arrived Macho was no longer there. And that was not all, his horse, as gentle as a lamb, began to kick and neigh fiercely. At that, scared, he walked away quickly towards Seclantás. In the afternoon he was just returning with two police officers, nooses, hooks to search the water and a donkey in case a deceased person had to be transported, but since it was already the prayer, the soldiers decided to go for the supposed drowned person the next day."
Howling and restless waters
“That night,” the lagooner continued, “the soldiers came to my grandfather's campfire to chat. While they were talking about lost oxen, a long and pitiful howl came from the other side of the lagoon. The horses reared and again a gale almost put out their fire, although everything immediately subsided, even the horrible howling. The only one that didn't move a hair was the donkey, which continued motionless as if nothing had happened and pretending to be opa. After that, it says that the grandfather looked at the sky and said: last night at this same time Sulquita surely drowned. Everyone remained silent and the soldiers quickly went to sleep, although surely that night no one slept a wink.
Early the next day they left for Sulquita and then from afar they saw Macho. There he was as always, sitting and looking at the water, but when they wanted to approach the dog, he was no longer there and when the grandfather called him, the soldiers were afraid and asked him to shut up, not to call him again. After pulling the hook several times and finding nothing, they filed papers, picked up the missing person's belongings and returned to the house to wait for the body to float on its own.
That night the soldiers locked themselves in their room and did not want to go out to talk in front of the bonfire. At midnight the mournful howl again made everyone tremble except the donkey, while the water of the lagoon shook violently. No one slept that night either, but the next day, when they went to Sulquita again, they found her body floating in the same place that Macho was pointing with his snout. They took him out, covered him, and on the donkey's back the soldiers took him to
Seclantás, with his grandfather as a witness.
Only at night did my grandfather return. He was pale, trembling, and then he said that back on the sandy slope of the pass, Sulca's black dog had approached him. He said that he was quiet and that when he got closer he moaned as if from grief. When he perked up and called him by name, the little animal responded by moaning and wagging his tail. He was wet as if he had just crossed a river and, standing next to him, he accompanied him the entire journey, close to the horse's legs, but when he reached the gate, he stopped there and although his grandfather called him by name, he did not move. not a single step. Then he got off the horse to pick it up and take it with him to his house, but as soon as he hugged it to lift it, he realized that it was not a dog but a ghost or a soul in the shape of a dog. His body was cold and hardened like a deceased person and up close he saw his hollow eyes. From the impression that came to him, he almost threw it to the ground, but something strange stopped him and then gently put it on the ground. As best he could, he mounted his horse, crossed the gate and, trembling, barely reached his house. Since then, no one has ever been able to cure my grandfather's fright, and so it was that he was very skinny after a year.
According to those who know, Macho also died that night of Holy Week while trying to help his master. And that's just how it has to be because the dog never returned to his house in Seclantás Adentro. Since then Macho always appears in the sandy area, accompanies the fishermen to the gate and then mysteriously disappears,” concluded the lagoon farmer.
After listening to Don Milagro Liendro, we brave expedition members were frozen. For us, that dog on the sandy beach was a real dog, but perhaps because of the rain that night we did not notice the cold or the stiffness of the deceased.
By Luis Borelli
Source:El Tribuno (Salta) October 31, 2021
 
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#5 South American Black Dog & Werewolves Chronicles
A Strange Animal Destroyed Two Sheep Weighing more than 60 kilos in Metán, Salta, Argentine


It could be a fearsome “Chupacabra”. “It looked like a dog but it wasn't because it attacked, killed them and took pieces of the animals,” said a rural worker.
While in the south of Salta they are still astonished by the overwhelming testimony of a tracker who claims that he saw an ucumar in the Pasteadero Chico area, another strange event has now been added, which occurred in another place, in which two extra sheep weighing 60 kilos were destroyed by a strange animal.
It happened in the early hours of Monday on a farm located south of Metán. Around 5:30 in the morning, a rural worker who takes care of animals got up because he heard noises. “I had gotten up barefoot, with the flashlight I was shining it and I managed to see a kind of large black dog with smooth fur. Three of the dogs we have immediately backed away, they were afraid and the other two went on top of them. The night was very dark and I didn't see or hear them fighting, but the dogs came back safe and sound,” said the young man who then decided to return home to sleep.
Around 8 in the morning with a companion they went to the corrals and were surprised to find two dead sheep. “One had a deep cut on its neck, which I'm sure a common dog couldn't have done because it was very long, and it also had another hole in its belly. The other had wounds on her back and a large one on her stomach. The strange thing is that the two animals were practically “bruised, purple, very beaten,” the young people maintained.
What also caught their attention is that one of the sheep was left dead inside the corral and the other on the other side of a high fence. “No animal or human being can lift a sheep of that size and make it pass to the other sector. “This is inexplicable,” said the co-worker of the young man who supposedly observed a fearsome “chupacabra.”
“I have been working in the field for a long time and I have never seen or been told anything like this. “Those wounds were undoubtedly caused by a very strange animal,” he said.
“When we took off the skin we could see the wounds and deep cuts that the two sheep had. I could see some kind of large black dog, but it was evident that it was no ordinary dog that did such an atrocity. We had never seen anything like this,” highlighted the boy who had gotten up barefoot at dawn and shined a flashlight on the strange creature.
They also both ruled out the possibility of a robbery. “No one enters this farm because the dogs are bad and good caregivers. “I can assure you that no person entered the sheep pen,” he clarified.
The photos are compelling
The owner of the animals still cannot overcome his astonishment at what happened and at the workers' chilling stories about what happened to his sheep.
He said that the photographic samples that clearly show the serious injuries that the strange animal caused to the sheep are compelling and that he had never seen anything similar.
After the strange event, he had to have the animals slaughtered to recover some meat, since it caused a considerable loss to his small business in which there are also pigs, which were unharmed because they were not attacked.
“Clearly these injuries were not caused by a dog or a common animal in the area. There is something very strange here,” said the small producer and resident of Metan.

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By Adrián Quiroga
Source: El Tribuno (Salta) April 19, 2022
 
#6 South American Black Dog & Werewolves Chronicles
Werewolf, Laguna Blanca, Formosa Province, Argentine

The werewolf originates from the seventh male child of a family. This creature appears as a large, enormous dog. The human is transformed, on Fridays and Tuesdays, into a big black dog It goes to cemeteries and feeds of the flesh of the dead. It appears at night. It's a animal or ghost, I would say. The neighbors' dogs bark at the same time, producing an infernal sound. They cry, they bark out of fear. But the werewolf doesn't attack them. Only his victim is a lonely person,who runs into it, in the supposed case that the werewolf would pass between his legs, then, he becomes that man-creature and the one who was previously the monster recovers his human form. . The new one remains in its replacement.
Godofredo Alcaraz, 39 years old
First-hand account compiled in
Laguna Blanca. Pilcomayo. Formosa, 1972
Credit: Berta Vidal de Battini (Argentine Folklorist, writer, researcher and teacher, b.1900,d.1984)
 
#7 South American Black Dog & Werewolves Chronicles
The Werewolf, Chaco Province, Argentine


One day dad was going with an old harvester and they saw a lump that caught their attention because it was a lump that made noises. When the being approached they saw that he was a man. They were already going to shoot Him when He asked them forgiveness and told them to let him continue, that he lived in a hut in the jungle. Shortly after, when they were working, a huge dog approached them that loved them attack. They fired several shots at him without hitting the target. So They realized that the man they saw was werewolf and that he returned transformed into a dog and they had to escape.They fled because the werewolf was not hurt by gunshots and it is useless to spend bullets on it.
Luis López, 10 years old
First-hand account compiled in Villa Ferrando. Resistencia. , Chaco, 1948
Credit: Berta Vidal de Battini (Argentine Folklorist, writer, researcher and teacher, b.1900,d.1984)
 
#8 South American Black Dog & Werewolves Chronicles
The Werewolf, Chaco Province, Argentine (II)


It was a very hot night and I was sleeping in my bunk, under the carob tree. I had already taken the first dream when my dog started barking and woke me up. I called my friend González, who was also sleeping outside and he was not there.
At first I thought the dog would bark at him and I searched. He had hidden in the cabin and was very scared. I asked him what was wrong and he told me that near the animal corral was the werewolf. I looked towards that area and saw a big black fierce dog. I called my dog many times, but no appeared.
We decided to sleep in the cabin, and the other day, I saw that my dog had a tremendous wound on his neck and was almost dead. The culprit was the werewolf, because they say he eats other dogs.
The transformation of a human into a wolf-dog is attributed to
seventh male child.
Zoilo Garmendia, 55 years old
First-hand account compiled in Villa Ángela, Chaco. 1959
Credit: Berta Vidal de Battini (Argentine Folklorist, writer, researcher and teacher, b.1900,d.1984)

 
#9 South American Black Dog & Werewolves Chronicles
The Skinwalker Werewolf, Chaco Province, Argentine (IV)


This case happened to me. Every night I came in a big black dog
in the warehouse where I was a watchman, but I never saw him leave. Then one night I invited another boy so between the two of us we could catch him putting a trap. When we saw that the dog entered the warehouse, we locked the door. We left it locked there so we could review it the next morning. But As we could hear a large number of noises in the room, we called to the police. The police didn't dare to check either, and we left the task until dawn. The next day we opened the door and a man appeared sitting on his haunches and they claim that he was the seventh child of a family in the town.
The werewolf feeds on chicken feces and bones of animals and humans. To become a werewolf the person must give seven turns on a cow hide or on the ground and has to say some words that are witchcraft. To come back a human being goes around another seven times and says other words. When he is in werewolf form he has the habit of scare people and can kill them, because it is turned into a demonized, ferocious animal that needs to attack
and kill.​

Luis Maidana, 45 years old
First-hand account compiled in Enrique Urien. Tapenagá. Chaco, 1953.
Credit: Berta Vidal de Battini (Argentine Folklorist, writer, researcher and teacher, b.1900,d.1984)
 
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