Erm, they have. It's called LED.
If you were to dangle a single white LED in free air and run it off a 2V battery (a CR2302 works well) it would probably last for a very very long time...
But while they are relatively high reliability, they are very susceptible to 'spikes' of high voltage and I suspect the issue with the non-longevity of LED domestic bulbs are partly down to this and partly to heat issues.
LED's, especially high power ones, kick out a surprising amount of heat especially in clusters, and removing this from the substrate so that reliability isn't directly impacted is not without challenges (which cost money).
All semiconductors (and electronics in general) get less reliable as they warm up....
I'd be entirely unsurprised if there was a direct link between (for the same bulb size) reliability and wattage. Lower wattage lasting longer.
LEDs typically run on 3 volts so you could in theory light your house with them but you’d need to install a lighting circuit stepped down from the mains voltage.
It's typically 2-2.2Vdc for red-green and 3-3.3 for blue, in the forward direction, they are 'one way valves' for current. 'White' LEDs are either a high brightness blue with a phosphor applied as a coating to the (plastic resin) lens to create a white-ish light, although clusters of different colours have been used to make 'white-ish' LEDs in the past.
Even a non-isolating power supply for such is not going to be amazingly efficient - such converters are improving (I read a data sheet for a buck-regulator the other day that claimed 98% efficiency for conversion).
That said, going from 230Vac to 3VDC will lose significant energy and this manifests as heat...see above. One might string such LEDs in a series to increase the voltage needs to power them (so say 8 in series would require 24V DC) which would improve efficiency, but only one failed LED would take out the whole string.
In principle one might connect white LEDs pairs (back to back) in a string of about 80 such pairs and connect them direct to 230Vac (probably hard/expensive to make that safe). Even so, mains voltage spikes would sooner of later kill a diode (every thunderstorm for example) it's pair would fail and even if they atypically failed short-circuit (generally LED's fail open circuit) circuit, the extra voltage would get dissipated over the remaining LEDs and another would inevitable fail and the failure would cascade...
One cool LED = great.
Lots of bundled together LEDS running of 230Vac rammed into a small glass container = ya cannae break the laws of physics.